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BMB Test 1 > B7-004 Pain 1 > Flashcards

B7-004 Pain 1 Flashcards

1
Q

three main somatic modalities

A

discriminative touch
pain and temperature
unconscious proprioception

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2
Q

cutaneous receptors [3]

A

mechanoreceptors
thermoreceptors
nociceptors

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3
Q

proprioceptive receptors [2]

A

muscle spindles
golgi tendon organs

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4
Q

discriminative touch receptor that functions in hair displacement

A

hair follicle ending

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5
Q

discriminative touch receptor that functions in stretch/pressure on the skin
perceive movement across the skin

A

ruffini endings

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6
Q

discriminative touch receptor that perceive pressure changes in the lips, tongue, and genitalia

A

krause corpuscle

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7
Q

discriminative touch receptor that perceives vibration and deep pressure in the dermis

A

pacinian corpuscle

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8
Q

discriminative touch receptor that perceives light (low frequency) vibration in the dermis

A

meissner corpuscle

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9
Q

discriminative touch receptor that perceive pressure of the skin in the epidermis

A

merkel cells

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10
Q

slowly adapting mechanoreceptors [2]

A

Merkels (small receptive fields)
Ruffini (thin, long receptive fields)

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11
Q

rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors [2]

A

Meissner’s corpuscles (small receptive field)
Pacinian corpuscles (very large receptive fields)

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12
Q

located everywhere throughout the cutaneous sheath and respond to mechanical, thermal, or noxious skin stimulation

A

free nerve endings

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13
Q

predominant stretch receptor within muscles

A

muscle spindles

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14
Q

muscle spindles have both […] and […] adapting components

A

rapidly (dynamic)
slowly (static)

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15
Q

provide feedback to the cerebellum about muscle length and velocity

A

muscle spindles

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16
Q

monitor stresses and forces (tension) at the tendon

A

golgi tendon organs

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17
Q

conduction velocity depends on […] and […] of the axon

A

fiber diameter
myelination

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18
Q

describe the 3 neuron pathway for perception

A

1st order neuron: dorsal root
2nd order neuron crosses: medulla
3rd order neuron: thalamus

terminates in somatosensory cortex

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19
Q

somatosensory system that gets input from discriminative touch and proprioception

A

dorsal column-medial lemniscus (DC-ML)

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20
Q

somatosensory system that gets input from temperature, pain, and very low acuity mechanosensation

A

spinothalamic (ALS)

(A delta and C fibers)

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21
Q

rank the nerve fibers in order of highest to lowest velocity

A

A: alpha, beta, gamma, delta
C

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22
Q

parasympathetic autonomic function is carried by nerves arising in the

A

brainstem or sacral portions of the spinal cord

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23
Q

contain both afferent and efferent neurons, bundling both motor and sensory functions

A

peripheral spinal nerves

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24
Q

large diameter afferent (sensory) neurons encode [2]

A

discriminative touch
proprioception

25
Q

small diameter afferent (sensory) neurons encode [3]

A

pain
itch
thermal sensation

26
Q

itch, pain, and thermal sensation are all encoded by

A

small diameter A-delta and C efferent fibers

27
Q

encode stretch of skin

A

Ruffini

28
Q

proportional to the intensity of stimulation of the nociceptor

A

nociceptive pain

29
Q

when acute, serves an adaptive physiologic function

A

nociceptive pain

30
Q

lowered threshold for stimulation of the nociceptor

[…] pain

A

inflammatory pain

31
Q

adaptive/repair mechanism that allows for healing/repair of injury

A

inflammatory pain

32
Q

sustained by aberrant processes or damage in PNS/CNS

A

neuropathic pain

33
Q

disproportional to the intensity of nociceptor activation
serves no protective/adaptive function

A

neuropathic pain

34
Q

chronic pain states that are stimulus independent
produced as a result of peripheral or central plasticity/sensitization

A

nociplastic pain

35
Q

fibromyalgia is an example of

A

nociplastic pain

36
Q

has both nociceptive and neuropathic components

A

mixed pain

CRPS
failed lower back surgery syndrome

37
Q

no underlying lesion
pain disproportionate to degree of clinically discernible tissue injury

A

idiopathic pain

38
Q

sensory/discriminative component of pain travels though […] tract

A

neospinothalamic

39
Q

emotional component of pain travels though […] tract

A

paleospinothalamic

40
Q

pain provoked by normally non-noxious stimuli
pain provoked by light brushing of skin

A

allodynia

41
Q

pain disproportionate to the stimuli provided

A

hyperalgesia

42
Q

are free nerve endings afferent or efferent?

A

both

43
Q

describe the efferent activity of nociceptive nerve endings

A

impulse will spread along adjacent branches and activate the release of CGRP and substance P

44
Q

triple response of Lewis

A

redness at injury (red line/rubor)
edema and swelling (wheal/tumor)
spreading redness around injury (flare)

all work together to produce dolar and calor

45
Q

mechanisms of sensitization occurring in the periphery

A

primary hyperalgesia

46
Q

mechanisms of sensitization occurring in the CNS

A

secondary hyperalgesia

(causes “memories” of pain)

47
Q

arthritis is an example of

A

inflammatory pain

48
Q

pain processing mechanisms function abnormally

A

nociplastic pain

49
Q

nociception is sustained by chronic injury, causing […] pain

A

inflammatory pain

50
Q

injured/diseased neurons
growth of axonal sprouts
formation of ectopic foci

causes […] pain

A

neuropathic pain

51
Q

endogenous opioid peptides [3]

A

enkephalin
endorphin
dynorphin

**involved in endogenous analgesia (gate control theory) by binding to mu, delta, and kappa receptors

52
Q

sites of action of opioid analgesics in the medulla [2]

A

periaqeuductal gray
nucleus raphe magnus

**small amounts of opioids acting here can drastically decrease pain because they recruit endogenous analgesia pathways

53
Q

associated with limbs immobilized for long periods of time

A

complex regional pain syndrome

54
Q

stimulation of the central gray matter in the medulla would produce

A

analgesia

(contains periaqueductal gray and raphe magnus)

55
Q

describe pain

A

sensory experience with negative emotional component

56
Q

small diameter, unmyelinated fibers are […] adapting

A

non

57
Q

stimulation of […] neurons by mechanical stimuli can inhibit activity in convergent […] neurons

A

large diameter sensory neurons
small diameter nociceptive neurons

(gate control theory of pain)

58
Q

which nerve fibers are most likely to become sensitized with repeated activation

A

free nerve endings

(are unable to adapt, unlike larger fibers)

59
Q

pain to non-painful sensory input resulting from imbalance of non-painful and painful inputs

A

deafferentation pain

BMB Test 1 (17 decks)

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