B7 Flashcards
What is an ecosystem?
Interaction of a community of biotic and abiotic parts fo enviroment e.g. pond or tropical rain forest.
What are plants competing for?
- Light
- Space
- Water ( from soil)
- Mineral ions (from soil)
Define a structural adaptation and an exaple
Features of organisms body’s structure e.g. shape / colour+ blubber
Define a behavioral adaptation
Ways an organism behaves e.g. migration to wamer climates to avoid cold conditions
Define a functional adaptation
Things inside and organisms body related to things like reproduction + metabolism e.g. desert animals conserving water by producing little sweat +small and concentrated urin
Define interdependence
Idea that in a community each species depend on each other for things like** food, shelter, pollination ect.** There is a far reaching food web increase or decrease in a pop has knock on effects
What is a stable community what are some examples?
Community’s where environmental factors are in balance so population size is roughly constant e.g. tropical rainforest and ancient woodland
What does abiotic mean what are some abiotic factors?
Abiotic-> non-living factors
1. Moisture level
2. Light intensity
3. Temp
4. C02 levels (however are constant throughout most of environment)-plants
5. Wind intensity +direction
6. O2 levels for aquatics
7. Soil + mineral content
What does biotic mean what are some biotic factors?
Biotic ->living factors
1. New predators
2. Competition
3. New pathogen
4. Food avality
Define extremophile give examples
Organisms adapted to live in extreme conditions e g bac in hot volcano vents or areas with high pressure/ salt conc
What doe animals compeat for?
Space (territory), food, water + mates
Define producer
make their own food using energy from sun- photosynthesis
Why does biomass decrease at each ennergy transfer?
Green plant produces glucose some of things from glucose used to make other biological molecules wich don’t contribute to biomass e.g. bones, respiration ect
Define biomass
mass of all living material ( can be stored as energy in plant)
What is the name given to the thing wich eats a producer an then what eats that …..
producer-> primary consumer->secondary consumer->tertiary consumer
Describe how you would use quadrats to study the distribution of small organisms
- Place 1 m^2 quadrat on ground at random point within first sample area- by didvuding grid of land and use random number generator to pick coordinates
- Count organisms within quadrat
- Reapeat 1 + 2 as many times as possible
- work out mean number of orgainsms per quadrat:
Mean=TOTAL number of organisms/ NUMBER of quadrats - Repeat 1 + 4 in second sample area
- Compare 2 means
What is this (spelling)
Quadrat
Describe how you would use Transects to study the distribution of organisms along a line
- make lin ina area you want to study with tape measure
- Collect data along line- counting all organisms youre intrested in that touch that line
- Can also use quadrats
Descibe how to investigate the effect of temp on rate of decay
Phyenolphthalein: PH 10=Pink colourless= below PH 8.3
1. Measure 5 cm^3 of lipase solution and add to test tube lable ‘L’
2. Measure 5 cm^3 of milk and add to diff test tube
3. Add 5 drops of Phyenolphthalein to tube with milk
4. Measure 7cam^3 of Sodium carbonate solution, add to tube with milk and indicator= makes alkaline ( pink)
5. Leave both in water bath set to 30 and leave to rach temp-thermonmeter
6. Use Caalibrated dropping pipette ( dropping pipette with scale) to put 1cm^3 of lipase solution into milk tube and start stopwatch.
7. Stir contents with glass rod, enzyme will decompose milk
8. Solution loses pink colour= stop stopwatch record time taken
9. Repeat at range of temps ( e.g. 10-50) doing a mean each time ( add ice cubes with water to do below room temp)
10. Use results to calculate rate of decay:
Rate (s^-1)=1000/time
