B7 Flashcards
(25 cards)
what is cancer?
where cells grow and divide uncontrollably. caused by damage to cell’s DNA
Describe benign tumours
- contained in a membrane
- not cancerous
- do not invade other parts of the body, but can put pressure on organs in which they are found
describe malignant tumours
- invade neighbouring tissues
- cancerous
- spread to different parts of body, via blood, forming secondary tumours
Risk factors
Increase the chance of developing the disease (ie aspects of a lifestyle, substances)
CVD- risk factors
- lack of exercise
- poor diet
- smoking
CVD- causal mechanism
Lack of exercise- increases excess fat, causes blockages in coronary arteries, causing them to narrow and reduce supply of oxygen to heart, causing a heart attack
Smoking- increases blood pressure and contains chemicals which can damage heart and blood vessels
Type 2 diabetes- risk factors
Obesity
Poor diet
Lack of exercise
Type 2 diabetes- causal mechanism
Consistently high blood glucose levels are more likely in people with poor diet and lack of exercise meaning their bodies may stop being able to regulate glucose normally
Liver disease - risk factors
Alcohol
Liver disease - causal mechanism
Alcohol is a toxin that the liver helps break down. Regular or excess alcohol consumption overwhelms the liver, causing scarring and damage to liver tissue
Lung disease - risk factors
Smoking
Lung disease - causal mechanism
Chemicals in tobacco smoke damage the tubes and alveoli of the lungs causing a variety of diseases including COPD
Lung cancer - risk factors
Smoking
Lung cancer - causal mechanism
Tar is carcinogenic. It can damage cells’ DNA, causing cancer
Diseases affecting unborn babies - risk factors
Smoking
Alcohol
Diseases affecting unborn babies - causal mechanism
Smoking- tobacco contains carbon monoxide which reduces oxygen getting to baby, preventing it from growing properly. Babies born premature, underweight or stillbirth
Alcohol- passes into baby’s blood from mother, damages development of baby, causing miscarriages, stillbirths, premature births, low birthweights, physical deformities
Other cancers- risk factors
Carcinogens
Genetics
Other cancers - causal mechanism
Carcinogens- chemicals or ionising radiation. They damage cells’ DNA, causing cancers
Genes- some people have genes which make them more likely to develop certain cancers
Name 3 treatments for coronary heart disease
- artificial pacemakers
- stents
- statins
- replacement valves
- heart transplants
Artificial pacemakers (treats, how it works)
Irregularities in heart rates,, gives out electrical pulses to control heart rate
Stents (treats, how it works)
Coronary heart disease (CVD)
Opens up the coronary arteries to keep blood flow to heart muscle
Statins (treats, how it works)
High cholesterol that can lead to CVD
Reduces blood cholesterol levels slows down rate of fatty material deposit
Replacement valves (treats, how it works)
Faulty/leaky valves
Biological come from pigs/human donors
Mechanical are built from man made materials
Heart transplants (treats, how it works)
Heart failure
From human donors- artificial hearts temporarily used while patient waits for a donor or to rest heart in recovery
