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Biology > B7 > Flashcards

B7 Flashcards

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1
Q

Where are hormones produced?

A

Endocrine glands

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2
Q

How are hormones transported?

A

In the blood stream

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3
Q

What organs do hormones affect?

A

Target organs

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4
Q

What do hormones generally do?

A

Control things in organs and cells which need constant readjustment

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5
Q

What gland is described as the master gland?

A

Pituitary gland

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6
Q

Why is the pituitary gland known as the master gland?

A

The hormones it produces act on other glands

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7
Q

Give an example of an activity in the body that the pituitary gland controls?

A

Metabolic rate and menstrual cycle

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8
Q

What hormones does the pancreas produce?

A

Insulin and glucagon

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9
Q

What does insulin do?

A

Regulates blood glucose levels

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10
Q

What else does the pancreas produce?

A

Digestive enzymes

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11
Q

What hormones do the ovaries produce?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone

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12
Q

What hormones do the testes produce?

A

Testosterone

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13
Q

What does testosterone control?

A

Puberty and sperm production

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14
Q

What hormone does the thyroid gland produce?

A

Thyroxine

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15
Q

What does the hormone thyroxine control?

A

Rate of metabolism
Heart rate
Temperature

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16
Q

Where is adrenaline produced?

A

Adrenal glands

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17
Q

What does the hormone adrenalin control?

A

Fight or flight response

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18
Q

What is the target organ for Insulin?

A

The liver

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19
Q

What is the target organ for oestrogen and progesterone?

A

The uterus

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20
Q

What is the target organ for testosterone?

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A

Male reproductive organs

21
Q

Target organs for thyroxine?

Study These Flashcards
A

Liver
Muscles
Kidney

22
Q

Target organs for adrenalin?

Study These Flashcards
A

Liver and heart

23
Q

What is faster the nervous system or hormones?

Study These Flashcards
A

Nervous system

24
Q

Hormones take a long time to act, true or false?

25
Hormones act on a precise area, true or false?
Flase- neurons act on a precise area, hormones are more general
26
What is the menstrual cycle?
When the female body releases an egg and prepares the uterus for a fertilised egg
27
What happens on day 1 of the menstrual cycle?
Menstruation starts- uterus lining breaks down and is released
28
What happens on day 4 on the menstrual cycle?
Uterus lining is repaired and becomes a thick spongy layer of blood vessels ready for a fertilised egg
29
What happens on day 14 of the menstrual cycle?
Ovulation- an egg develops and is released from the ovary
30
What happens between day 14 and 28 of the menstrual cycle?
The lining is maintained and is there is no egg on day 28 then the lining breaks down
31
Where is oestrogen released from?
Ovaries
32
What does oestrogen do?
Causes uterus lining to thicken
33
What does a high level of oestrogen stimulate?
LH
34
When is progesterone released?
After ovulation
35
Where is progesterone released from?
Corpus lutem
36
What does progesterone do?
Maintains uterus lining
37
What does progesterone inhibit?
Release of LH and FSH
38
When levels of oestrogen and progesterone fall what happens?
Uterus lining breaks down
39
What happens when the level of progesterone is low and FSH level is high?
The cycle begins again
40
What do barrier methods prevent?
Egg and sperm meeting
41
What do barrier methods protect against?
STIs
42
Examples of barrier methods
Condom and diaphragm
43
What do hormonal contraceptives do?
Stop ovulation
44
What do hormones containing oestrogen prevent?
Egg Release- keep oestrogen levels permanently high and inhibit FSH release to stop egg development
45
What do hormones containing progesterone do?
Reduce fertility by stimulating production of thick cervical mucus to prevent sperm passing cervix
46
What hormones does the pill contain?
Oestrogen and progesterone
47
What is a disadvantage of hormonal contraceptives?
Unpleasant side effects e.g. acne, head aches, mood swings
48
What don't hormonal contraceptives protect against?
STIs

Biology (4 decks)

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