B7 - Human Nutrition Flashcards
(39 cards)
What is meant by the term diet? [1]
The food that we eat
Why do we eat? [3]
- energy
- growth & repair
- health
What is a balanced diet? [2]
- all the nutrients we need
- in the correct amounts
- in order to carry out all the life processes
Why do balanced diets look different for different people? [4]
- age
- lifestyle/job
- metabolism
- gender/sex
- woman pregnancy
What does too little food lead to? [2]
Malnutrition
- undernutrition
What are problems caused by undernutrition? [2]
- marasmus: energy deficiency
- kwashiorkor: protein deficiency
What does too much food lead to? [2]
Malnutrition
- overnutrition
What are problems caused by overnutrition? [2]
obesity
- type 2 diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea
What is overnutrition? [1]
If diet contains more energy than required
About what percent of the body is water? [1]
70%
About what percent of blood is water? [1]
90%
Where is water stored in all cells? [1]
Cytoplasm
Where in glucose is chemical energy? [1]
the bonds
What is excess glucose stored as? [1]
Glycogen
What happens after the glycogen storage limit? [1]
Stored as fat
Fat is in _________ amounts [1]
unlimited
What are carbohydrates, proteins and lipids called? [1]
Macromolecules
What are deficiencies of carbohydrates? [4]
- lack of energy
- fatigue
- weakness
- more prone to illness
What are deficiencies of proteins? [4]
kwashiorkor: swollen abdomen, muscle wastage especially in limbs, stunted growth
What are deficiencies of lipids? [4]
- weight loss
- anorexia
- fat soluble vitamin deficiency
What are food sources of vitamin C? [5]
- strawberries
- tomato juice
- orange
- bell peppers
- kiwi
What is the importance of vitamin C to the body? [2]
- growth and repair of tissues in all parts of body
- for the immune system
What are deficiencies of vitamin C? [4]
SCURVY: painful joints, poor wound healing and bleeding gums
What are food sources for vitamin D? [5]
- milk
- eggs
- mushrooms
- cereal
- pork
