B7 - Non-communicable Diseases

Question 1

What is a ‘Non-Communicable’ disease?

Answer 1

A disease that cannot be spread from person to person

Question 2

What are 3 Non-Communicable diseases?

Answer 2

Cancer

Diabetes

Coronary Heart Disease

Question 3

What are the 2 ways of treating Coronary Heart Disease?

Answer 3

Stents

Statins

Question 4

What is ‘Coronary Heart Disease’?

Answer 4

When fatty material builds up in the Coronary Arteries which clogs up and narrows the Lumen which prevents blood from getting to the heart.

Question 5

What is the ‘Coronary Arteries’?

Answer 5

Arteries that supply blood to the heart

Question 6

What can Coronary Heart Disease lead to?

Answer 6

Shortness of Breath

Heart attack

Heart failure

Question 7

What is a ‘Stent’?

Answer 7

Expandable tube that is placed inside the Arteries to keep the lumen open so that blood can keep flowing

Question 8

What is a benefit of a ‘Stent’?

Answer 8

The surgery is quick

Long term solution to CHD

Question 9

What is a drawback of a ‘Stent’?

Answer 9

Requires surgery which can be risky

Could develop blood clot near the stent

Question 10

What is a ‘Statin’?

Answer 10

Drug that changes the balance of Cholesterol in the body

Question 11

How does a ‘Statin’ work

Answer 11

Decreases amount of Bad Cholesterol (LDL) and increases amount of Good Cholesterol (HDL) in arteries

Question 12

What is a benefit of a ‘Statin’?

Answer 12

Lowers risk of:
CHD
Heart Attacks
Strokes

Question 13

What is a drawback of a ‘Statin’?

Answer 13

Has to be taken regularly

Can cause side effects such as Kidney Failure or Headaches

Question 14

How do you treat damaged/weakened Heart Valves?

Answer 14

Replacing them with new ones through surgery

Question 15

What are drawbacks of Surgery?

Answer 15

Could cause infection

Complications during surgery

Question 16

What is ‘Heart Failure’?

Answer 16

When the heart cannot pump blood around the body

Question 17

How do you treat ‘Heart Failure’?

Answer 17

Replacing them with new biological or artificial heart

Question 18

What is a benefit of ‘Artificial Heart’?

Answer 18

Immune system doesnt reject/fight it

Hard to find Biological heart donor

Question 19

What is a benefit of ‘Biological Heart’?

Answer 19

Cannot use animal heart

Longer term solution

Better than Artificial Heart

Question 20

What is a drawback of ‘Biological Heart’?

Answer 20

Takes long time to find a donor

Heart could be rejected by body’s immune system

Have to take immuno-suppressant drugs for the rest of your life

Question 21

What is a ‘Tumour’?

Answer 21

Uncontrolled growth and mitosis

Question 22

What are the 2 types of ‘Tumours’?

Answer 22

Benign

Malignant

Question 23

What is a ‘Benign Tumour’?

Answer 23

Growth of abnormal cells in one area

Usually contained in membrane

Do not invade other parts of the bidy

Question 24

What is a ‘Malignant Tumour’?

Answer 24

Growth of abnormal cells that invade neighbouring tissue

Can move into the bloodstream and spread all around the body to form more tumours

Classified as a Cancer

Question 25

How do you get 'Cancer'?

Answer 25

Genetic factors Lifestyle factors Environmental factors

Question 26

Lifestyle factors that linked to Cancer

Answer 26

Smoking Exposure to UV light Alcohol

Question 27

Environmental factors linked to cancer

Answer 27

Exposure to radiation which damages DNA which can cause cells to do uncontrolled cell division

Question 28

What is 'Diabetes'?

Answer 28

When a body cannot regulate blood glucose levels

Question 29

What is 'Type 1 Diabetes'?

Answer 29

Lifelong genetic disease as Pancreas produces little to no insulin

Question 30

How is 'Type 1 Diabetes' treated?

Answer 30

Injection of insulin into body after a meal Not eating sugary foods Exercising regularly

Question 31

What is 'Type 2 Diabetes'?

Answer 31

When a person's cells become resistant and don't respond to insulin anymore Caused by unhealthy diets and older age

Question 32

How is 'Type 2 Diabetes' treated?

Answer 32

Healthy, Low Sugar diet Regular Exercise

Question 33

How is 'Cancer' treated?

Answer 33

Radiotherapy Chemotherapy

Question 34

What is 'Radiotherapy'?

Answer 34

When cancer cells are destroyed by targeted doses of radiation. This kills the cancer cells and stops them from dividing

Question 35

What are the drawbacks of 'Radiotherapy'?

Answer 35

Can kill healthy cells that surround the cancer

Question 36

What is 'Chemotherapy'?

Answer 36

When chemicals are used to stop the spread of cancer cells or make them 'self destruct'

Question 37

What are drawbacks of 'Chemotherapy'?

Answer 37

Can make the person very sick and fatigued