B8: Enzymes Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in B8: Enzymes Deck (26)
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1
Q

enzymes are..

A

biological catalysts

2
Q

the active site is…

A

where chemical reactions take place

on the enzyme

3
Q

define the lock and key hypothesis

A

active site specific to substrate
substrate fits into active site of enzyme
active site has unique 3d shape + only complementary shape substrate fits

4
Q

what is specificity

A

only substrate with complementary shape (key)

fits into active site (lock)

5
Q

enzymes convert…

A

substrates

into products

6
Q

what is ESC

A

enzyme substrate complex

7
Q

the enzyme isnt…

A

used up in the process

may be used again

8
Q

hydrolysis reaction

A

substrate may be broken by addition of water

9
Q

condensation reaction

A

product may be formed by removal of water

10
Q

define induced fit theory

A

active site of enzyme specific + catalyses only one reaction
substrate with correct shape enters active site
active site slightly changes shape when substrate enters
active site fits more closely around substrate + helps reaction take place more efficiently

11
Q

what are optimum conditions

A

enzyme works best

at specific temp + pH

12
Q

why does rate of reaction decrease when conditions away from optimum

A
  • reduction in energy available for reaction

- bonds holding enzyme in specific 3D shape broken( enzyme denatured)

13
Q

what happens when enzyme denatures

A

shape of active site altered
so substrate no longer able to fit
active site no longer complementary to active site

14
Q

what happens if temp increases

A

enzyme + substrate gain more kinetic energy
+ move around faster
increases chance of substrate collding with active site with sufficient energy, for reaction to occur, so rate of reaction increases
rate of reaction fastest at optimum temp

15
Q

what happens above optimum temp

A

-enzyme begins to denature
ror begins to decrease, till it stops
when all enzymes denature

-functional shape of enzyme’s active site altered, can no longer catalyse reaction,

16
Q

what happens as pH moves away from optimum

A

enzyme begins to denature + ror decreases
functional shape of active site destroyed
enzyme can no longer catalyse reactipn

17
Q

species can have diff…to ….

A

optimum conditions

to adapt to surroundings

18
Q

what are enzymes essential for in digestion

A

speeding up digestion
of food molecules into products
to be absorbed into small intestine
using cells

19
Q

carbohydrases digest

A

large insoluble carbs

into smaller soluble carbs

20
Q

proteases digest

A

larger insoluble proteins

into smaller soluble amino acids

21
Q

lipases digest

A

lipids (fats + oils )

22
Q

intracellular

A

enzymes work inside cells

23
Q

extracellular

A

digestive enzymes works outside cells

24
Q

where are digestive enzymes produced

A

cells in glands + tissues

25
Q

enzymes secreted from

A

cells

26
Q

commerical uses of digestive enzymes

A
  • proteases pre-digest proteins in baby food
  • biological washing powders - digest food stains on clothing
  • production of sugar syrups
  • manufacturing pharmaceuticals
  • making ethanol from plants
  • winer + peer production