B8- Trichomonas Flashcards
(71 cards)
What lineage and phylum are they part of and which mt do they have for anaerobic adaptation.
Excavata lineage (like trypanosoma and Giardia)
Parabasalia phylum
Have hydrogenosomes
Give the 3 main species 1 being in pigeons
T. Gallinae pigeons - can cause epidemics and high mortality rates
T vaginal - ugt exclusively of human
T tenax- oral cavity of pets and humans associated with periodontitis
What is t vag commonly associated with
Bv (low lactobac- replaced with myco, prevotella etc)
hiv
and pelvic inflammatory disease
Mainly asymptomatic though
How many cases per year making it most common sti
156 mill
Which trichomonas alongside gingivalis is associated with periodontitis and what is it (same strains in pets suggesting zoonotic transfer)
T. Tenax
Sits in gingival cavity
Chronic inflammatory disease in the oral cavity where dysbiosis occurs triggering forward loop of inflammation
What area between tissue and teeth does this dysbiosis occur
Periodontal pocket
What is it thought to be driven by
Bacteria mainly but dysbiosis suggested form other trichomonas like vaginalis could potentially be the role of t tenax
Which other trichomonads seen in gut of people too
D.fragilis
Why is it suggested human vaginalis and tenax originated form birds too
Phylogenetic analysis- So many clusters of bird specific trichomonas with these trichomonads
Which gut associated trichomonad is associated with IBS probably due to trichomonas induced dysbiosis
D. Fragilis
Give examples of human parasite in lungs of ards patients and why it’s more common in ards (30%)
P Hominis, t tenax
Probably because of the anaerobic environment ards provides can act as secondary infections
Why are they anaerobes
No mt but have hydrogenosomes
What % of European IBS have d fragilis
40%
What sort of natal conditions is vaginalis associated with
Low birthweight and preterm birth
What cancers are increased in risk and why
Cervical and prostate
Cervical because it provides insult needed for hpv infection of basal stem cells
Which other virus does it permit usually low spread of
Hiv
Where is it located extracellular ly
Urethra in males
5% or cases female are urethra only, usually spread to other areas
Mainly female vagina
Why does this explain why you can’t use vaginal drugs - need systemic/oral
Doesn’t clear urethra
Give the 3 forms of trichkmonas
Trophozoites infection form
Amoeba form (flattened in contact with cells)
Pseudocyst form - more damage and better binding
What in other teichomonads does pseudocyst form for
More effective damage
When does it become amoeba form
Contact with ecm or cells eg vec
Why would they form pseydocysts with no flagella
Stresses eg cold,drugs
What protein upreg for clumping/swarming of trophozoites and why is this important for virulence - shown only in Vitro / hypothetical
Tetraspanin 8
Important to evade neutrophils and better adherence
What can they phagocytose for nutrients,iron or to evade immune system
Rbc, immunocytes, Microbiota/bacteria
