Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Microbiota On Mucosal > B9- Trichomonas II > Flashcards

B9- Trichomonas II Flashcards

(60 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Other than the virulence we discussed eg BV and binding proteins like lpg, virus endocytosis, what else is included in their pathobuology

A

Phagocytosis of immune cells, bacteria and also host cells eg VEC

Tetraspanin 8 mediated immune evasion from neutrophils

Degradation of iga/complement by cysteine proteases (like eh)

Protease mediated cytotoxicity to epi cells (tvROM1 rhomboid protease)

Binding and deg of ecm

Binding and deg of mucins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why do higher euk have many duplications of genes

A

Multicellularity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Since this isn’t the case for ME. Why do they have duplications (explains a lot of the large 60k genes in tvag)

A

To adapt to their lifestyle, metabolic needs, SAV, adhesion

Eg enzymes with different preferences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which 2 cell surface repeat proteins were found in tvag but are difficult to study through phylogenetic origin due to repeats

A

BspA and chlamydia pmp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is it suggested they’re from based on blast searches

A

BspA from prokaryotic origin
Pmp although in chlamydia not sure where the origin is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which periodontal pocket bacteria found to have BspA

A

Tanerella forsythensis and treponema denticola

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why are repeat containing proteins usually indicative of protein-protein interactions

A

Variation of repeats can alter binding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What else are they indicative of particularly for host prasites not free living

A

Usually length of repeats and protein length associated with pathogenicity

Also important for antigenic variation and protein evolution (eg vsp containing repeats)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do repeat containing proteins mediate binding of in T and T because bspA are adhesins

A

Epithelial cells and Ecm eg fibronectin from tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why are they important for periodontitis pathogenicity

A

Biofilm formation between T and T connections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What sort of immune responses do they trigger

A

Ab and innate response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are pmp associated with

A

Also binding human epi cells and also for ab responses and antigen variation/switching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Due to gene duplications, how many BspA and pmp in tvag

A

Over 900 BspA and about 48 pmp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Explains structure of bspA

A

Most have a signalP
Leucine rich treats LRR

Some also have TMD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Explain structure of pmp

A

Also sometimes have sp,tmd

and pmp have repeat motifs fxxn and gga followed by either (I,L,V)

Vary in length for each family member

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why is it suggested the lgt came from common ancestor/ bspA and pmp important for trichomonads role

A

Most spp (eg gallinae and tenax) have bspA but sligjtly diff (duplication events) - diff number of repeats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which Lrr subfamily only one found in all lineages (bac, euk,arch) - most are lineage specific LRRs

A

TPlrr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Give examples and what they have in common

A

Trichomonas, EH, ruminococci,

All mucosal surfaces suggesting importance at mucosa like it has for Tanerella and treponema

(Remember giredii when sequenced also had BspA but the origin phylogenetically is unknown)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How do gene duplication events cause changes in BspA

A

Number of repeats/length of repeats
Also affected expression levels of these proteins

(Eg BspA 625 highly expressed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What evidence is there that gene fusion events occurred between some parts of pmp and BspA

A

Alignment found similarities in both TMD and the cytoplasmic tail

Within the cytoplasmic tail for NPX motif and also acidic clusters in both types of proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are npx and acidic cluster indicative of in yeast and humans and why might this be important

A

Endocytosis

Potentially endocytose their surface proteins for mediating endocytosis of host material/ cells (alongside Rab gtpases)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

In the 30k fenes transcribed , are pmp and BspA like most LgT (looked at transcriptomics)

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Also Proteomics data Comparing low binding and high binding strains, are there particular bspA and pmps and other surface proteins associated with each. And was this replicated ? - established the functional relevance in TV

A

Yes there were differences in protein exp for strains

When confirming this in adhesion assays using VEC found
Specific pmps majorly and BspA too important for binding capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the advantage of dual transcriptomics profiling with tv incubated with mg or mh (margarita 2022)

A

Can detect genes differentially expressed in their presence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How many were differentially expressed or regulated when comparing tv alone to the tv with Hominis, giredii or both together
6000 genes
26
What proteins associated with pore forming and potentially hemolysis of rbc/ cells in general upreg in mycoplasma presence
Saplip proteins
27
Give another example of proteins differentially expressed eg upreg or downregulated (margarita 2022)
BspA and other surface proteins from the proteomics paper to be found majorly in adherent tv strains
28
(Margarita 2022) Experimental data with hela and oral keratinocytes showed increased binding up to how many fold with mh/mg presence (makes sense from previous flashcard) - correlates with the transcriptomic data
10fold
29
Why would this make sense for Hominis
Can be directed by carriage of t Hominis to the cell since it is an obligate symbiont
30
Give example of genes upreg for energy metabolism/better energy source in mh/mg presence (margarita 2022)
Enzymes for TCA cycle generating energy
31
Enrichment of detoxifiting enzymes detoxifying what in presence of mh/mg in addition to the effect they have on NO
Ros detoxifying enzymes = immune evasion
32
What else was upreg for better energy/growth of tvag in their presence
AA catabolism ability eg threonine
33
How many genes associated with more adherent strains from the proteomics surface protein study were upreg in mycoplasma presence including the 2 pmps mentioned before
8/11
34
What are exosomes which were confirmed in tv by bioinformatics
Microvesicles formed within a mvb which fuses with membrane to release exosomes which can then enter other parasites or host cells
35
What things can they contain (virulent cargo) according to purification then proteomic findings
Cytoskeleton proteins like RAB gtpases (found in tv for phagocytosis and endocytosis properties) , metabolic proteins like metallopeptidase, bspA
36
If an adherent strain BspA is released from within exosomes, what can this do - found through incubation of low adherent g3 strains with exosomes of high adherent
Cause better adherence to other low adherent strains eg G3 tvag
37
What other microvesicles found and how are they released and why are they important/ some virulence factor cargo
Microvesicles released also by mvb or by blebbing of the membrane Also bspA, peptidases (cysteine and metallo) , RAB,
38
How is it suggested exosomes modulate immune responses for immune evasion
Induction of il6 and il10 which suppressed other proinflam cytokines Downregulated il8 which is important for initial clearance - trogocytosis by neutrophils
39
Explain how pf13402 domain found in trichomonas before domain even annotated in database
BlastP search on trich sequence Found homology with many other microbes on mucosa like EH, bacteroides Decided to name it pfam13402
40
What motif was the conserved one with the other proteins from other microbes (95% of proteins aligned)
Hxxh motif - gluzincin metallopeptidase domain (m60 family)
41
What family rich eith zn metallopeptidase sis this motif conserved in
Gluzincin-like family of ZN metallopeptidase
42
What sort of alignment showed eventually a hit with enhancin which is a viral protease with this sort of motif
Profile-profile alignment
43
What other motifs do hxxh containint proteins got in host microbes but ultimately differ between each species
Cbm, bacon (both carb binding)
44
The protective glycocalyx is made up of mucins and what
Proteoglycans made up of GAGs like heparin sulfate
45
What happens on pul78 hypothetically
This bt4244 binds terminal gal with sgbp also on surface Processing and import via susC/D O-glycan peptides further processed by periplasmic gh2 (b galactosidase) and gh109 galnacdase Import through IM to cytosol where it encounters galnac kinase
46
What domains does the pfam13402 containing have in g3 tvag
A tmd And pa14 domain (instead of cbm etc)
47
How does this pa14 domain bind glycocalyx
Binds heparan sulfate PG via their gag
48
Overexp of this protein did what
Induced cytolysis of cells - likely through damaging the glycocalyx glycan barrier of cells Allows the tv proteases like tvROM1 to cause cytolysis
49
What does this new target indicate
In addition to other cell surface proteins like bspA,LPG, have this one with binding capacity Could potentially introduce competitive binders to heparan PG?
50
Degradation of iga is through cysteine proteases on tvag, what else degraded with these
Ecm
51
Does the pa14 domain containing target mucins or just hspg?
Hspg
52
Do tvag have more m60L containing other things like cbm
Yes they have over 20
53
Studies have found which way neutrophils kill tv or try to important
Trogocytosis (not full phagocytosis but nibbling through neutrophil proteases)
54
Why would the fact t vag has cysteine proteases for Iga degradation (as well as for ecm, tj etc) affect this
Studies show that adaptive immunoglobulins are vital for trogocytosis
55
Overexpression of ROm1 rhomboid protease increased attachment and cytolysis of which types of cells (key virulence factor)
Ectocervical cells
56
Which tv BspA using rt PCR was expressed quite highly In comparison to others when in contact with ECM. How was this specific BspA confirmed to be expressed on surface during infection by the same group investigating expression
BspA 625 Found expressed using immunofluorescence
57
Given the evidence for BspA mediating adherance eg through adherance assays on VEC/ proteomic presence in high adherent strains. What types of things are they hypothesised to bind and also other pathogenic events likely mediated by them
Host cells, bacteria, viruses, Could potentially mediate endocytosis and phagocytosis too
58
Which other protein from other lecture was found to be important for immune evasion AND ALSO FOR ADHERANCE!! Like the surface proteins in this study
Tetraspanin 8
59
Amoeboid transitikn also associated with better adherance aswell as tsp8. What protein has been identified for this host-cell adherance/ pathogenicity
TvFim1 (fimbrin protein) - trich have their own actin complex so this allows cytosketelal remodelling
60
What does TvLPG bind (first host receptor found just before the heparin sulfate example)
Galectin 1

Microbiota On Mucosal (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions