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AQA Biology [Paper 1] > B9- Respiration 🫁💪 > Flashcards

B9- Respiration 🫁💪 Flashcards

1
Q

What does respiration provide energy for ? [3]

Hint: build larger molecules

A
  • for movement, so the muscles can contract in animals.
  • mammals need energy to keep warm- to keep their body temperature steady in colder surroundings.
  • energy is also needed for chemical reactions, to build larger molecules- [e.g- proteins are made by chemically joining amino acids]
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2
Q

What is [cellular] respiration ?

Hint: continually

A
  • cellular respiration, is an exothermic reaction which continually occurs in living cells.
  • [cellular] respiration supplies the energy we need, and is an exothermic reaction because it releases energy, when bonds are formed.
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3
Q

What is aerobic respiration ?

A
  • aerobic respiration, is a form of respiration that uses oxygen to release energy from molecules like glucose.
  • and in aerobic respiration, the sugar glucose is reacted with oxygen gas.
  • this then produces carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy.
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4
Q

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration ?

A
  • glucose + oxygen—-> carbon dioxide + water
  • [energy is on the bottom]
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5
Q

What is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration ?

A
  • C6 H12 O6 + 6O2—-> 6CO2 + 6H2O
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6
Q

Why does aerobic respiration produce a great deal of energy ?

Hint: oxidised

A
  • aerobic respiration produce a great deal of energy, because the glucose molecule has been fully oxidised.
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7
Q

What is anaerobic respiration ?

A
  • anaerobic respiration is a form of respiration, that releases energy from molecules [such as glucose], without using oxygen.
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8
Q

What happens when there’s a shortage of oxygen ?

Hint: muscle cells repire

A
  • muscle cells respire anaerobically, and during anaerobic respiration in muscles, glucose is converted to latic acid.
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9
Q

Why does anaerobic respiration, release much less energy than aerobic respiration.

A
  • anaerobic respiration, release much less energy than aerobic respiration, because in anaerobic respiration, the oxidation of glucose is incomplete.
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10
Q

How can anaerobic respiration, happen in plant and yeast cells ?

A
  • in this reaction, the glucose is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide. [by fermentation]
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11
Q

What is fermentation ?

Hint: cells

A
  • fermentation, is anaerobic respiration that occurs in yeast cells.
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12
Q

How can fermentation be used ? 🍺

A
  • fermentation can be used, to make alcoholic drinks such as beer- the alcohol in these drinks, is ethanol, which is produced by fermentation.
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13
Q

How else can fermentation be used ? 🍞

Hint: bubbles in the dough

A
  • fermentation by yeast can also be used to make bread rise.
  • this is because, the carbon dioxide produced by fermentation, creates bubbles in the dough, causing the bread to rise.
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14
Q

What is the body’s full response to exercise ? [4]

A
  • during exercise, the body needs a great deal of energy for muscle contraction. Because of this, the body has to react, to the increased demand for energy.
  • aerobic respiration increases, since the body needs more energy- meaning the body cells require more oxygen.
  • to provide this extra oxygen, we breath more frequently and take deeper breaths, [since the breathing rate and breathing volume increases]- getting more oxygen into the bloodstream.
  • the heart rate also increases, to pump this oxygenated blood around the body; sometimes, not enough oxygen can be supplied to the muscles- anaerobic respiration now takes place in the muscles.
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15
Q

What is the body’s response to exercise ? 🫁🫀

A
  • to provide this extra oxygen, we breath more frequently and take deeper breaths, [since the breathing rate and breathing volume increases]- getting more oxygen into the bloodstream.
  • the heart rate also increases, to pump this oxygenated blood around the body; sometimes, not enough oxygen can be supplied to the muscles- so anaerobic respiration now takes place in the muscles.
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16
Q

How is latic acid produced in the muscles, during exercise ?

A
  • at the point that anaerobic respiration takes place in the muscles, the oxidation of glucose is incomplete, during anaerobic respiration.
  • leading to the build up of lactic acid [a chemical], which cause the muscles to become fatigued, during long periods of vigorous activity- meaning the muscles to stop contracting efficiently.
17
Q

What is oxygen debt ?

Hint: accumulated

A
  • oxygen debt, is the amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise, to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from the cells.
18
Q

What is the process of oxygen debt ?

A
  • lactic acid in the muscles, is transported out of the muscles, by the blood.
  • from the blood[stream],the lactic acid is then taken to the liver, and converted back to glucose, in a series of chemical reactions. [e.g- by oxygen]
  • oxygen debt is why people continue rapidly breathing for some time, after finishing exercise.
19
Q

What is the difference between aerobic respiration 🆚 anaerobic respiration ? [4]

A
  • aerobic respiration produce a great deal of energy, because the glucose molecule has been fully oxidised
  • ; anaerobic respiration, release much less energy than aerobic respiration, because in anaerobic respiration, the oxidation of glucose is incomplete.
21
Q

What’s another difference between aerobic respiration 🆚 anaerobic respiration ? [2]

A
  • aerobic respiration produces carbon dioxide and water, since it uses oxygen
  • ; anaerobic respiration doesn’t use oxygen, and instead produces latic acid.
21
Q

Explain why stores of glycogen change with exercise.

A
  • glycogen is the stored form of glucose, that’s made up of many connected glucose molecules.
  • and glycogen stores in the muscles, become low and are broken down releasing glucose
  • This is because more glucose is used for respiration, and additional glucose is transported from the liver.
22
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals ?

A
  • glucose—-> lactic acid
23
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast cells ?

A
  • glucose——> ethanol + carbon dioxide
24
Q

Compare and contrast anaerobic respiration in animals, plants and microorganisms. [2]

A
  • in animal cells and [some bacterial cells], anaerobic respiration can lead to the build up of lactic acid in the muscles. produces lactic acid.
  • in plants [and yeast cells], anaerobic respiration produces ethanol and carbon dioxide, instead of producing lactic acid.
25
Q

Compare and contrast anaerobic respiration in animals, plants and microorganisms. [2]

A
  • Anaerobic respiration in plants and animals take place in the absence of molecular oxygen
  • Both processes involve an incomplete breakdown of the respiratory substrate glucose.

AQA Biology [Paper 1] (31 decks)

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