B9.1 Respiration Flashcards
define respiration
breakdown (oxidation) of food substances (molecules) with the release of energy in living cells
define aerobic respiration
the breakdown of food substances in the presence of oxygen with the release of a large amount of energy
what is the aerobic respiration equation
glucose + oxygen > carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)
what are the stages of aerobic respiration
- Glycolysis
- Krebs cycle
- Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation
where does glycolysis occur and what stage is this
in the cytoplasm (first stage)
where does krebs cycle occur and what stage is this
in the matrix of the mitochondria (second stage)
where does ETC occur and what stage is this
in the inner mitochondrial membrane (third and final stage)
what is energy released in respiration stored as
ATP
What is ATP
energy released in respiration
main energy currency in all living cells
draw an ATP molecule and show how energy is released
ADENINE - 5C PENT. RIBOSE SUGAR - CP - CP - CP (energy released when bond between phosphates are broken)
how does ATP release energy
Energy is released when a phosphate bond is broken in an ATP molecule
what is anaerobic respiration
breakdown of food substances in the absence of oxygen (releases less energy than aerobic respiration)
compare how aerobic respiration releases energy amounts compared to anaerobic
anaerobic releases less energy than aerobic respiration
how does anaerobic respiration occur
occurs through glycolysis, followed by lactate fermentation
how is anaerobic respiration used
• used by organisms that live in areas with little or no oxygen
• used by organisms that respire aerobically when there is insufficient oxygen
(e.g. muscle cells during intense exercise)
