Back and neck muscles (lec 5) Flashcards by Ariane St-denis

Extrinsic muscles (types of muscles)

superficiel mucles

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primary function of extrinsic muscles

movement of the upper limb

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innervation of the extrinsic muscles

Anterior rami of spinal nerves

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Attachement site of the intrinsic muscles of the back

vertebrae or ribs

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the primary function of the intrinsic muscle of the back

movement and support of the vertebral column

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innervation of the intrinsic muscles of the back

postériori rami of spinal nerves

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muscles of the #1 layer (superficial) of the extrinsic muscles

latissimus dorsi
Trapezius

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origine of the latissimus dorsi

T7-T12 spinous process thoracolumbar fascia, ilium

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insertion of the latissimus dorsi

intertubercular groove of humerus

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Function of the Latissimus dorsi

Primary at shoulder
- in back: bilateral function - spine extension
- in back: unilateral function - ipsilateral (same side), lateral flexion of lumbar spine

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innervation of the latissimus dorsi

thoracodorsal n. (C6-C8)

limb mucle, but synergist of other back muscles

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the shape of the trapezius

diamond

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the origin of the trapezius

back of skull, spinous processes C7-T12, nuchal ligament

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insertion of the trapezius

scapula

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function of the trapezius (with fixed scapula)

bilateral function: neck extension
unilateral funcition: ipsilateral: lateral flexion, contralateral: rotation of the cervical spine

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innervation of the trapezius

accessory spinal n.

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Function of the trapezius (with fixed scapula)

bilateral function: neck extension
-unilateral function: ipsilateral: lateral flexion, contralateral: rotation of the cervical spine

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innervation of the trapezius

accessory spinal n.

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origin of the elevator scapulae

cervical spine

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ins of the levator scapulae

superior/medial border of scapula

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fonction of the levator scapulae

primary movement of scapula

secondary: movement at cervical spine (neck)
-unilateral - ipsilateral, lateral flexion of cervical spine
- bilateral - extension of cervical spine

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innervation of the levator scapula

C3-C5

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the shaped of the rhomboid major and minor

like rhomboids

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orig of the rhomboid

cervical and thoracic spine

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ins of the rhomboid

inferomedial border of the scapula

funcition of the rhomboid

none in back, movement of the scapula

innervation of the rhomboid

Dorsal scapular (C5)

orig of the serratus posterior superior

nuchal ligament, SP of C7 to T4

ins of the serratus posterior superior

superior border of ribs 1-4

function of the serratus posterior superior

elevation of upper ribs

innervation of the serratus posterior superior

T2-T5 (anterior rami)

orgie of the serratus posterior inferior

thoracolumbar fascia and SPs of T11-T12

ins of the serratus posterior inferior

Inferior border ribs (8/9)-12

function of the serratus posterior inferior

depression of lower ribs

innervation of the serratus posterior inferior

T9-T12 (anterior rami)

Intrinsics – Intermediate – Erector spinae

3 parallel columns, from lateral to medial: Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis

I Like Standing

- Iliocostalis -Longissimus - Spinalis

origins of liocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis

Sacrum/ilium, spinous processes

insertion of the Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis

ribs (I/L), transverse processes (L), spinous processes (S)

function of the Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis

• Bilateral: extension of the spine • Unilateral: lateral flexion of spine (esp. iliocostalis)

innervation of the Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis

posterior/dorsal rami of adjacent spinal nerves

fascia

tissue

fascia at the end of iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis

Thoracolumbar Fascia

Deep - Transversospinalis

- Semispinalis - Multifidus - rotatores

Semispinalis

Some extension of the head (capitis)

Multifidus

Most prominent in lumbar region

Orig.: Transversospinalis

Transverse processes

Insert.:Transversospinalis

Spinous processes

Function(s Transversospinalis

bilateral: extension of spine, unilateral: contralateral rotation of spine

innervation Transversospinalis

posterior rami

rotatores (2)

longus brevis

splenius (2 parts)

Capitis: nuchal lig. + SP C7-T2, to skull (mastoid process) Cervicis: SemisPinalis of T3-T6 to TP of C1-C3

function splenius

Bilateral: extension of the spine • Unilateral: ipsilateral lateral flexion and rotation of the head and cervical spine (shaking head)

innervation Splenius

Posterior rami of cervical nerves

Suboccipital muscles – posture/motion of head

- Rectus capitis posterior (‘straight of head’) -Obliquus capitis (‘oblique of head’)

Rectus capitis posterior (‘straight of head’)

-(1) R.c. minor (posterior C1 to occiput) • (2) R.c. major (SP of C2 to occiput) • Extension (bilateral) and ipsilateral flexion of head, ipsilateral rotation of head (major)

Obliquus capitis (‘oblique of head’)

(3) O.c. superior (TP of C1 to occiput) • (4) O.c. inferior (SP of C2 to TP of C1) • Extension (bilateral), and ipsilateral flexion of head, ipsilateral rotation of head (inferior)

borders Suboccipital Triangle

Rectus capitis posterior major (sup.), obliquus capitis superior (lat.), and obliquus inferior (inf.)

Contents Suboccipital Triangle

- Vertebral artery • Posterior ramus of C1 – suboccipital nerve, to all suboccipital muscles

Sternocleidomastoid

- sternum - clavicle - mastoid process

function Sternocleidomastoid

- Bilateral: extension of the head/neck; flexion of the neck (inferior cervical vertebrae - sternal head) - Unilateral: contralateral rotation, ipsilateral lateral flexion

Innervation: Sternocleidomastoid

Spinal accessory n.

Rectus capitis lateralis

(TP atlas to occiput), ipsilateral head flexion

Rectus capitis anterior

TP atlas to occiput ipsilateral rotation, flexion

Longus capitis

(TP cervical verts to occiput), head flexion

Longus colli

(body C/T verts to body or TP cervical verts), bilateral: neck flexion, ipsilateral flexion of cervical spine (~neck)

Scalenes (3 parts):

TPs of cervical vertebrae C2- C7 to first rib (anterior and middle scalenes) or second rib (posterior scalene) Function: elevate ribs (A, resp.) OR flex cervical spine (B, bilateral), and lateral flexion of cervical spine (ipsilateral)

innervation scalenes

anterior rami C3-C8

innervation Neck – Deep anterior 1

anterior rami C1-C3

Back and neck muscles (lec 5) Flashcards

(69 cards)