Vertebral Column (lec 3)

Question 1

Typical number
(mode) of vertebrae

Answer 1

33, but ranges ~32-34

Question 2

of cervical v.

Answer 2

7 (C1-C7) ~NECK

Question 3

of thoracic vertebrae

Answer 3

12 Thoracic v. (T1-T12) ~CHEST/RIBCAGE

Question 4

of lumbar vertebrae

Answer 4

5 Lumbar v. (L1-L5) ~LOWER BACK

Question 5

of vertebrae in the sacrum

Answer 5

5 fused sacral v. 1-5)

Question 6

of vertebrae in the coccyx

Answer 6

(3-5 fused coccygeal v. 1-4)

Question 7

type of vertebrae

Answer 7

• cervical
• thoracic
• lumbar
• sacrum
• coccyx

Question 8

of normal curvature in sagittal plane in adults

Answer 8

4

Question 9

when the primary curvatures originate

Answer 9

‘kyphosis’, originate in embryonic/fetal development (in all vertebrates)

Question 10

other name for primary curvatures

Answer 10

kyphosis

Question 11

where are the primary courvature (B)

Answer 11

• thoracic and sacral part of the vertebral column

Question 12

other name fore the secondary curvatures

Answer 12

lordosis

Question 13

when the secondary curvatures is developed

Answer 13

in early postnatal growth

Question 14

are the secondary curvatures are unique to the humans

Answer 14

yes

Question 15

which part of the vertebral column have a secondary curvature (d)

Answer 15

cervical and lumbar

Question 16

what are the functions of the secondary lordoses (lumbar and cervical)

Answer 16

keep the body’s center
of mass (head/trunk) aligned
over the feet, reducing muscle
effort required to stand up

Question 17

what’s increase a misalignment of the vertebral column

Answer 17

back/neck
muscle work and strain on the
vertebrae/disks

Question 18

misalignments of the vertebral column is due to _ ?

Answer 18

abnormal
curvatures

Question 19

the characteristics of the cervical vertebrae

Answer 19

• Bifid (split) Spinous Process
• Large Triangular Vertebral Foramen
• Transverse Foramina (with the vertebral artery)
• Uncinate processes: hook-shaped processes on the superior surface of the vertebral bodies of C3-C7

Question 20

what is the content of the transverse foramen of the cervical vertebrae

Answer 20

the vertebral artery

Question 21

the shape of the cervical vertebrae foramen

Answer 21

large triangular

Question 22

which vertebrae have uncinate processes

Answer 22

C3-C7

Question 23

where are the uncinate processes

Answer 23

on the superior surface of the vertebral bodies

Question 24

name of C1

Answer 24

Atlas

Question 25

name of C2

Answer 25

Axis

Question 26

characteristics of the atlas (C1)

Answer 26

- posterior and anterior arch - no body - lateral masses - superior articulation facets

Question 27

the superior articular facets articulates with which part of the body

Answer 27

with the skull

Question 28

what pass trough the Altas

Answer 28

the dens of the axis

Question 29

characteristics of axis (C2)

Answer 29

have a dens

Question 30

characteristics of the thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)

Answer 30

- circular vertebral foramen - heart-shaped vertebral body - facets for rib attachment - long, narrow, sloped spinous process

Question 31

characteristic of the Lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5)

Answer 31

- smaller triangular vertebral foramen - kidney-shaped vertebral body (bigger than the thoracic vertebral body) - short, wide spinous process

Question 32

the shape of the thoracic body

Answer 32

heart-shaped

Question 33

why the thoracic vertebrae have facets

Answer 33

to attach to the ribs

Question 34

the characteristics of the spinous process of the thoracic vertebrae

Answer 34

long, narrow and sloped

Question 35

shaped of the vertebral foramen of the thoracic vertebrae

Answer 35

circular

Question 36

the shape of the vertebral foramen of the lumbar vertebrae

Answer 36

small triangle

Question 37

the shape of the vertebral body of the lumbar vertebrae

Answer 37

kidney

Question 38

characteristics of the spinous process of the lumbar vertebrae

Answer 38

short + wide

Question 39

function of the condylar joints

Answer 39

nodding, head flexion and extension, minimal lateral F/E, axial rotation

Question 40

the function of the alar ligaments

Answer 40

secure the dens to the skull

Question 41

function of the cruciform ligament

Answer 41

longitudinal fibers supporting the dens

Question 42

the functions of the transverse ligament

Answer 42

encircles the dens and keeps it against the anterior arch of C1, turns that articulation into a pivot joint

Question 43

classification of the intervertebral joints

Answer 43

Solid: Symphysis Joint (bone-fibrocartilage-bone)

Question 44

the function of the uncovertebral joints

Answer 44

Guide flexion/extension of cervical spine while limiting lateral flexion

Question 45

disc herniation

Answer 45

Progressive protrusion of the nucleus pulposus through weak spots in the annulus fibrosus, most often in lumbar region. Creates nerve impingement = pain, numbness, tingling

Question 46

where happen the disc herniation most of the time

Answer 46

lumbar region

Question 47

role of the zygapophyseal joints in the cervical spine

Answer 47

- Transverse orientation - (esp. C1-C2) - Axial rotation, some F/E

Question 48

role of the zygapophyseal joints in the thoracic spine

Answer 48

- Coronal orient. - Axial rotation - Some F/E, lat F/E

Question 49

role of the zygapophyseal joints in the lumbar region

Answer 49

- Sagittal orient. - Lateral F/E - Some F/E

Question 50

classification of the zygapophyseal joints

Answer 50

Synovial, Plane/Gliding

Question 51

the zygapophyseal joints paired what

Answer 51

articulation between facets on Superior and Inferior articular process

Question 52

the movement of the zygapophyseal joint

Answer 52

Each zygapophyseal joint pair on its own has limited movement, but the sum of these small movements makes for a greater ROM for the spine

Question 53

what's movement of the vertebral column are possible

Answer 53

Sagittal F/E, lateral F/E, and axial rotation possible at all joints/segments

Question 54

movement of the cervical, lumbar and thoracic spine

Answer 54

E/F

Question 55

movement of the lumbar spine

Answer 55

Lateral F/E

Question 56

mmovement of the cervical spine

Answer 56

rotation of head and neck

Question 57

movement of the thoracic spine

Answer 57

rotation of upper trunk

Question 58

what's the function of the ligaments of the vertebral column

Answer 58

- Ligaments that reinforce joints but also keep motions in check.

Question 59

where are the A/P longitudinal ligaments

Answer 59

run the length of the vertebral column along anterior and posterior borders of the vertebral bodies

Question 60

function of the inter transverse ligament

Answer 60

Extending between transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae

Question 61

function of the ligaments flavour

Answer 61

Extending between laminae of adjacent vertebrae

Question 62

Spinal lordoses (evolution)

Answer 62

align center of mass of a biped over its feet

Question 63

evolution

Answer 63

Increased size of vertebral bodies from superior to inferior