ala
anterior sacral foramina
anterior arch of the atlas
atlas anterior tubercle
lateral mass of the atlas
posterior arch of the atlas
posterior tubercle of the atlas
superior articular process of the atlas
atlas
axis
atlas
axis
body of a cervical vertebra
lamina of a cervical vertebra
pedicle of a cervical vertebra
cervical superior articular facet
cervical superior articular process
cervical transverse foramen
cervical transverse process
cervical vertebrae
cervical vertebrae
dens
inferior articular process of cervical vertbra
intervertebral foramen
lumbar body
lumbar inferior articular process
lumbar lamina
lumbar pedicle
lumbar spinous process
lumbar superior articular process
lumbar transverse process
lumbar vertebrae
lumbar vertebrae
vertebral foramen
median sacral crest
nuchal ligament
posterior sacral foramena
auricular surface of the sacrum
sacral cornua
sacral hiatus
sacral promontory
superior articular process of the sacrum
costal facet, thoracic body
thoracic body
inferior costal facet of the thoracic body
thoracic lamina
thoracic pedicle
thoracic spinous process
thoracic superior articular process
thoracic superior costal facet
thoracic transverse process costal facet
thoracic transverse process
thoracic vertbrae
vertebral prominens
what is a bifid spinous process and why is it significant
a bifid spinal process is a spinal process that has two prongs
C2-6 normally have bifid proceses, other vertebrae do not
uncus of the body
hook like projections from the superior surface of the body that are received by shallow grooves on the inferior surface of the superior body
what is the groove of a spinal nerve
a lateral groove on the superior surface of a normal transverse process
what are the two areas indicated by A? What do they form?
the anterior and posterior tubercle of the cervical transverse process
the groove that holds tha spinal nerve
what is the sacral canal
the continuation of the spinal canal into the sacrum
what is A indicating
the tubercle for attachment of the transverse ligament of the atlas
what is the carotid tubercle
the anterior tubercle of the C6 vertbrae
A) mammillary process
B) Accessory process
where are the accessory processes of the spine found and what do they do
the posterior surface of the lumbar transverse processes
provide attachment for the intertransversarii muscles
where are the mammillary processes of the spine and what is their function
on the posterior surface of the lumbar superior articular processes
provide attachment for the multifidus and intertransversarii
what is the base of the sacrum
the superior surface of the sacrum
what is the base of the sacrum
the tapered inferior end of the sacrum
what is the pelvic surface of the sacrum
the flat anterior portion
what are the transverse lines of the sacrum and where are they found
they are four lines indicating the four fused vertebrae of the sacrum
the pelvic surface of the pelvis
A) lateral crest
B) medial crest
C) intermediate crest
where are the zygapophyseal joint capsules found
between the articular facets of adjacent superior and inferior vertbrae
what are the ligamentum flavum and where are they found
ligaments of the spine that connect the lamina of adjacent vertrbae from C2 to S1
where are the interspinous ligaments found
vertically connecting the spinous processes of adjacte vertebrae
supraspinous ligament
connects the tips of the spinous processes of adjacent vertbrae
anterior longitudinal ligament
runs along the anterolateral side of the vertebral column connecting the bodies of adjacent vertebrae
posterior longitudinal ligament
runs along the posterior surface of the vertebral bodies and attaches to the IV discs
what is this? where is it found?
the posterior atlanto occipital membrane
between the posterior arch of the atlas and the foramen magnum
what is this? where is it found
the anterior atlanto occipital membrane
between the anterior arch of the axis and the anterior foramen magnum
A) anterior atlanto-occipital membrane
B) anterior atlanto-axial membrane
C) posterior atlanto-occipital membrane
D) posterior atlanto-axial membrane
A) tectorial membrane
B) Alar ligament
C) transverse ligament
what is the tectorial membrane
a continuation of a the posterior longitudinal ligament that passes posteriorly over the medain atlanto-axial joint into the skull
where does the tectorial membrane attach
starts at the the body of C2 to the interior surface of the occipital bone
where are the alar ligaments found
running between the dens and the lateral margins of the foramen magnum
what does the transverse ligament do
forms the posterior support around the dens between the tubercles of the lateral masses of C1
A) Alar ligaments
B) cruiciate ligaments
C) transverse ligaments
