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Anatomy > Back And Upper Limb 2 > Flashcards

Back And Upper Limb 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Identify all the parts:

A
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2
Q

What is the Brachial Plexus?

A

A network of nerves that innervates the upper limb

Comprised of roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and branches originating from spinal nerves C5 to T1.

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3
Q

What spinal roots make up the Brachial Plexus?

A

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

These roots contribute to the formation of trunks and ultimately the entire plexus.

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4
Q

How many trunks are in the Brachial Plexus?

A

Three trunks

The trunks are upper, middle, and lower, formed by the union of the roots.

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5
Q

What are the divisions of the Brachial Plexus?

A

Anterior and posterior divisions

Each trunk splits into one anterior and one posterior division.

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6
Q

What is the function of the cords in the Brachial Plexus?

A

They give rise to the major branches of the plexus

The three cords are lateral, medial, and posterior.

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7
Q

What branches arise from the Brachial Plexus?

A

Multiple branches including the musculocutaneous, axillary, median, radial, and ulnar nerves

These nerves innervate various muscles and skin areas of the upper limb.

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8
Q

Fill in the blank: The Brachial Plexus originates from spinal nerves _______.

A

C5-T1

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9
Q

What are the main branches of the brachial plexus?

A

MUSCULOCUTANEOUS, AXILLARY, MEDIAN, ULNAR, RADIAL

These branches are responsible for innervating various muscles and skin areas in the upper limb.

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10
Q

Which branch innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles?

A

AXILLARY

The axillary nerve is crucial for shoulder movement and sensation.

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11
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve innervates which part of the arm?

A

Anterior compartment of the arm

This nerve primarily supplies the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles.

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12
Q

Which nerve is responsible for innervating the anterior compartment of the forearm and hand?

A

MEDIAN

The median nerve is significant for functions such as wrist flexion and finger movement.

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13
Q

The ulnar nerve primarily serves which areas?

A

Hand and anterior compartment of forearm

The ulnar nerve is important for fine motor control, particularly in the hand.

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14
Q

What does the radial nerve innervate?

A

Posterior compartment of the arm and forearm

The radial nerve is key for extension of the elbow, wrist, and fingers.

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15
Q

List the roots of the brachial plexus.

A

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

These roots originate from the spinal cord and combine to form the trunks of the brachial plexus.

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ nerve is responsible for innervating the anterior compartment of the arm.

A

MUSCULOCUTANEOUS

The musculocutaneous nerve plays a vital role in elbow flexion.

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17
Q

True or False: The axillary nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the forearm.

A

False

The axillary nerve does not innervate the forearm; it innervates the deltoid and teres minor.

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18
Q

Which nerve is involved in innervating the muscles of the hand?

A

ULNAR

The ulnar nerve is essential for many intrinsic hand muscles.

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19
Q

What is the function of the median nerve?

A

Innervates anterior compartment of forearm and hand

It enables flexion at the wrist and fingers.

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20
Q

Identify all the parts:

A
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21
Q

Identify all the parts:

A
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22
Q

Identified the labelled parts:

A

Musculocutaneous (1)
Median (2)
Ulnar (3)
Radial (4)
Axillary (5)

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23
Q

Identify all the parts:

A
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24
Q

Identify the labelled part:

A
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25
What is the motor and lesion of axillary nerve?
Motor: deltoid + teres minor Lesion: defect in abduction
26
Identify the labelled parts:
27
What is the primary function of the radial nerve?
Motor: All posterior compartment of Arm and Forearm
28
Identify the labelled parts:
29
What is the primary motor function of the musculocutaneous nerve?
Arm (biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis) ## Footnote The musculocutaneous nerve innervates muscles responsible for elbow flexion.
30
What is the sensory function of the musculocutaneous nerve?
Forearm ## Footnote This nerve provides sensory innervation to the lateral aspect of the forearm.
31
What is a common result of a lesion in the musculocutaneous nerve?
Defect in elbow flexion ## Footnote A lesion can impair the ability to flex the elbow due to affected muscle innervation.
32
Fill in the blank: The musculocutaneous nerve primarily affects the _______ compartment of the arm.
anterior ## Footnote This compartment contains the muscles that flex the elbow.
33
What are the motor functions of the median nerve in the anterior compartment of the forearm?
Innervates all except: * Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) * Medial half of flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) ## Footnote The median nerve primarily innervates the flexor muscles of the forearm, except for the FCU and the medial half of the FDP.
34
Which muscles of the hand are innervated by the median nerve?
Innervates: * Lateral lumbricals * Majority of the thenar eminence ## Footnote The thenar eminence consists of the muscles at the base of the thumb, critical for thumb opposition and movement.
35
True or False: The median nerve innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle.
False ## Footnote The flexor carpi ulnaris is innervated by the ulnar nerve.
36
Fill in the blank: The median nerve innervates the _______ lumbricals in the hand.
lateral ## Footnote The lateral lumbricals are responsible for flexing the fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joints.
37
Identify the labelled part:
38
Identify the labelled part:
39
What is the primary motor function of the median nerve?
Anterior compartment of forearm except FCU and medial ½ FDP ## Footnote FCU stands for flexor carpi ulnaris, and FDP stands for flexor digitorum profundus.
40
Which muscles in the hand are primarily innervated by the median nerve?
Lateral lumbricals and majority of thenar eminence ## Footnote The thenar eminence consists of the muscles at the base of the thumb.
41
What condition is associated with the median nerve at the wrist level?
Carpal tunnel syndrome ## Footnote Carpal tunnel syndrome can lead to symptoms such as pain, numbness, and weakness in the hand.
42
What is a characteristic hand posture associated with median nerve dysfunction?
Simian hand ## Footnote Simian hand refers to a hand posture resembling that of a monkey, often seen in median nerve injuries.
43
Fill in the blank: The median nerve innervates all muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm except _______.
FCU and medial ½ FDP ## Footnote FCU stands for flexor carpi ulnaris, and FDP stands for flexor digitorum profundus.
44
How many tendons and nerves are present in the carpal tunnel?
9 tendons and 1 nerve
45
What is the ulnar nerve responsible for in the forearm?
Motor: FCU and medial part of FDP ## Footnote FCU stands for Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, and FDP stands for Flexor Digitorum Profundus.
46
What muscles does the ulnar nerve innervate in the hand?
* Medial lumbricals * Interossei * Hypothenar * Part of the thenar eminence ## Footnote The hypothenar muscles are responsible for the movement of the little finger, while the thenar eminence primarily involves the thumb.
47
What is the effect of a lesion at the wrist on the ulnar nerve?
Claw hand ## Footnote Claw hand refers to a condition where the fingers are bent in a characteristic way due to the loss of function in certain muscles.
48
Where is the ulnar nerve lesion that leads to claw hand commonly located?
Guyon canal ## Footnote Guyon canal is a space in the wrist through which the ulnar nerve passes.
49
What is the function of the radial nerve?
Motor: All posterior compartment of the arm and forearm ## Footnote The radial nerve is responsible for the extension of the elbow, wrist, and fingers.
50
What is a common clinical manifestation of a radial nerve lesion?
Wrist drop ## Footnote Wrist drop occurs due to the inability to extend the wrist and fingers, often resulting from a radial nerve injury.
51
Which compartments of the arm does the radial nerve serve?
Posterior compartment of the arm and forearm ## Footnote This includes muscles that are primarily responsible for extension.
52
What is the main arterial pathway for the upper limbs?
Subclavian artery ## Footnote The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery and then into the brachial artery.
53
What are the two main branches of the brachial artery?
* Ulnar (medial) * Radial (lateral) ## Footnote These branches supply blood to the forearm and hand.
54
Which ribs are involved in the arterial plan of the upper limbs?
1st rib ## Footnote The 1st rib serves as a landmark for the transition from the subclavian to the axillary artery.
55
Which muscles are associated with the main arterial pathway for the upper limbs?
* Pectoralis major * Latissimus dorsi ## Footnote These muscles are located in the region where the subclavian artery transitions to the axillary artery.
56
Fill in the blank: The subclavian artery becomes the _______ artery as it enters the axillary region.
Axillary ## Footnote The axillary artery continues to supply blood to the upper limb.
57
Identify the labelled parts:
58
What is the arterial plan for the upper limbs?
Arterial plan includes branches from the subclavian, axillary, profunda brachii, and brachial arteries
59
What are the main arteries involved in the upper limb arterial network?
Subclavian, Axillary, Profunda Brachii, Brachial
60
Fill in the blank: The arterial anastomoses in the scapular region occur around the _______.
[scapula]
61
What artery branches are involved in the wrist and hand?
Ulnar, Radial
62
What muscles are associated with the arterial plan near the 1st rib?
Pectoralis major, Latissimus dorsi
63
True or False: The profunda brachii artery is a part of the upper limb arterial network.
True
64
What is the significance of anastomoses in the upper limb?
They provide collateral circulation
65
Fill in the blank: The main arterial route in the upper limb is the _______.
[Brachial artery]
66
Which artery is primarily responsible for supplying blood to the elbow region?
Brachial artery
67
What are interosseous arteries?
Arteries that contribute to the hand networks ## Footnote Distribution is subject to variation
68
Which arteries are involved with interosseous arteries?
* Brachial * Radial * Ulnar
69
The interosseous membrane is associated with which arteries?
Interosseous arteries
70
Fill in the blank: Interosseous arteries contribute to the ______ networks.
[hand]
71
Identify the labelled parts:
72
Identify the labelled part:
73
What is lymphatic drainage?
The process by which lymph fluid is filtered and removed from tissues and returned to the bloodstream.
74
What percentage of lymph from the breast is drained into axillary nodes?
75%
75
Fill in the blank: 75% of the lymph arriving from the breast is drained into _______.
axillary nodes
76
What do deep veins converge into?
Axillary ## Footnote Deep veins flank arteries and ultimately converge into the axillary vein.
77
Which veins do superficial veins converge into?
Cephalic and basilic vein ## Footnote Superficial veins drain into the cephalic and basilic veins.
78
What is the function of perforating veins?
Connect superficial and deep veins ## Footnote Perforating veins serve to connect the superficial venous system with the deep venous system.
79
Fill in the blank: Deep veins → flank arteries → converge into _______.
Axillary
80
True or False: Superficial veins do not connect to deep veins.
False ## Footnote Superficial veins connect to deep veins through perforating veins.
81
What do Deep veins and flank arteries converge into?
Converge into axillary
82
What does Superficial veins converge into?
Converge into cephalic and basilic vein
83
What does Perforating veins connect ?
Connect superficial and deep vein
84
Identify the labelled parts:

Anatomy (4 decks)

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