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Advanced Anatomy > Back, Pectoral Region, Deltoid and Scapular region, The Axilla, & Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

Back, Pectoral Region, Deltoid and Scapular region, The Axilla, & Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

Every vertebrae has a vertebral body except which one?

A

C1

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2
Q

What are vertebral lamina?

A

arches between transverse processes and spinous processes

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3
Q

What are pedicles?

A

arches between the body and transverse process

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4
Q

How many cervical vertebrae have transverse foramina?

A

7

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5
Q

the cervical spinous process are bifid meaning…?

A

forked

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6
Q

C2 has a den called the what? This articulates with the anterior facet of C1

A

odontoid process

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7
Q

Which cervical vertebrae has a longer spinous process like a thoracic vertebrae

A

C7

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8
Q

All 12 thoracic vertebrae have which detail that make them stand out?

A

costal facets

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9
Q

Which vertebrae body is heart shaped?

A

thoracic

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10
Q

which vertebral foramen is rounded?

A

thoracic

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11
Q

All 5 lumbar vertebrae lack what?

A

costal facets and transverse foramina

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12
Q

what vertebral foramen is triangular?

A

lumbar

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13
Q

in adults, what happens to the sacral vertebrae by the age of 25-30?

A

they fuse together

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14
Q

the sacrum curves anteriorly and the curvature is more pronounced in males of females?

A

males

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15
Q

Which curvatures are normal in the body and present at birth?

A

thoracic/sacral

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16
Q

Where does the ligament nuchal attach?

A

the superior nuchal line of occipital bone to C7 spinous process

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17
Q

Where does the supraspinatus ligament attach?

A

attaches to the tips of the adjacent spinous processes of the C7 to the sacrum, continuous with the ligament nuchae

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18
Q

Where does the anterior longitudinal ligament attach?

A

To the anterior surfaces of vertebral bodies from the occipital bone to the sacrum

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19
Q

What movement does the anterior longitudinal ligament prevent?

A

anterior movement out of alignment

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20
Q

The anterior longitudinal ligament is wider ___ and thinner in the ___ region.

A

wider in the lumbar region, and thinner in the cervical region

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21
Q

Where does the posterior longitudinal ligament attach?

A

the posterior surface of vertebral bodies from the occipital bone to the sacrum.

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22
Q

Which is bigger? the PLL or ALL?

A

ALL

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23
Q

Is the posterior longitudinal ligament wider in the cervical area or the lumbar area?

A

cervical

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24
Q

Where does the ligament flavor attach?

A

to the lamina of adjacent vertebrae

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25
Q

Which is the strongest ligament of the vertebral column?

A

ligamentum flavum

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26
Q

The spinal cord extends to what vertebral level in adults?

A

L2

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27
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

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28
Q

Dorsal rami supply what?

A

deep back muscles and the skin of the back

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29
Q

What is the OINA of the rhomboids?

A

T1-6 spinous process
medial (vertebral) border of scapula
dorsoscapular
retracts (adducts) scapula

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30
Q

What is the OINA of the Levator scapulae?

A

C1-4 transverse processes
superior angle of scapula
dorsoscapular
elevate and inferiorly rotate scapula

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31
Q

Where do the serrates posterior superior and inferior originate and insert?

A

spinous processes and ribs

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32
Q

what nerves supply the serrates posterior superior and inferior?

A

intercostal nerves

33
Q

What is the function of the deep back muscles?

A

adjust the vertebral column head and neck

34
Q

What are the erector spinae muscles?

A

Iliocostalis, Longissimus, and Spinalis

35
Q

Where do the erector spinae muscles originate?

A

sacrum and iliac crest

36
Q

where does iliocostalis insert?

A

the ribs

37
Q

Where does Longissimus insert?

A

transverse processes and mastoid process of temporal bone

38
Q

Where does spinalis insert?

A

spinous processes

39
Q

deep back muscles are supplied by ___ rami

A

dorsal

40
Q

superficial back muscles are supplied by ___ rami

A

ventral

41
Q

which erector spinae muscle also rotates the head along with extending and straightening

A

Longissimus

42
Q

What are the transversospinales muscles

A

they are deep to the erector spinae muscles and include the semispinales, multifundus, and rotatores

43
Q

Where do all of the transversospinales muscles originate?

A

spinous processes (multifundus also in the sacrum)

44
Q

where do all of the transversospinalis muscles insert?

A

transverse processes

45
Q

what nerve supplies the transversospinalis muscles?

A

dorsal rami

46
Q

what action do the transversospinalis muscles do?

A

extend, rotate, and stabilize the vertebral column

47
Q

Where do the interspinales muscles originate and insert?

A

Between adjacent spinous processes on either side of the process

48
Q

What nerve supplies the interspinales?

A

Dorsal rami

49
Q

Where do the intertransversarii muscles originate and insert?

A

Dorsal rami

50
Q

What nerve provides the intertransversarii muscles?

A

Dorsal rami

51
Q

Splenius capitis origin and insertion

A

C7-T3

Mastoid process

52
Q

Splenius cervicis insertion and origin

A

T3-T6

Upper cervical transverse processes

53
Q

What nerve supplies the splenius muscles?

A

Dorsal rami

54
Q

Where is the sternal angle?

A

T4-T5 between manubrium and sternum

55
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior thoracic wall from superficial to deep?

A

External Intercostals
Internal intercostals
Innermost intercostals
Transverse thoracis

56
Q

VAN from ____ to ____

A

Superior to inferior

57
Q

Posterior intercostals empty into the azugos & hemiazygos viens on the what?

A

Posterior thoracic wall

58
Q

How many anterior intercostal spaces are supplied by anterior intercostal arteries branching?

A

Two

59
Q

What is the OINA of the pectoralis muscle?

A

O: Medial clavicle, sternum, underlying ribs
I: Inter tubular groove, same as latissimus
N: Med & lateral pectoral nn of brachial plexus
A: Clavicular head flexes humerus, sternal head adducts and medically rotates humerus

60
Q

Pectoralis Minor OINA

A

O: ribs 3-5
I: coracoid of scapula
N: lateral pectoral
A: depresses scapula; holds scapula against posterior thoracic wall to stabilize during UE movements

61
Q

Serratus anterior OINA

A

O: angle of ribs 1-8
I: passes deep to scapula and inserts to medial border of scapula
N: long thoracic of brachial plexus
A: protracts/ abducts scapula

62
Q

Which two muscles of the rotator cuff inserts on the less tubercle of the humerus?

A

Subscapularis

63
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff?

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis

64
Q

Do the 3 posterior muscles insert into the greater tubercle of the humerus?

A

Yes

65
Q

Which way does the anterior muscle of the rotator cuff rotate the shoulder?

A

Medially

66
Q

What is the quadrangular space?

A

Between the humeral shaft and the long head of the triceps brachii and between the teres minor and major

67
Q

What does the quadrangular space contain?

A

Axillary branches (supplies deltoid) and post humeral circumflex

68
Q

What is the triangular space?

A

Inferior to teres major, between the long and lateral heads of the triceps brachii

69
Q

Navy passes under the bridge, Army passes over the bridge

A

Suprascapular nerve passes under the ligament and the suprascapular artery passes over the bridge

70
Q

What is the Axilla?

A

The underarm, or armpit, a pyramidal region containing important nerves and vessels

71
Q

What makes up the medial wall, the anterior axillary fold, and the posterior axillary fold?

A

Ribs and serratus anterior, pec major, latissimus dorsi

72
Q

The brachial plexus is formed by

A

Ventral rami of spinal nerves C5 to T1

73
Q

Cords of the brachial plexus wrap around the

A

Axillary artery

74
Q

From lateral to medial, what are the M legs

A

Musculocutaneous, median, and ulnar

75
Q

What are the posterior cord branches

A

Radial, axillary, and upper, lower, and middle, (thoracodorsal) subscapular nn

76
Q

What are the lateral cord branches of the brachial plexus

A

Musculocutaneous, lateral pectoral, and median nn

77
Q

What are the medial cord branches of the brachial plexus?

A

Median, ulnar, medial pectoral, and medial cutaneous

78
Q

Phrenic nerve roots from

A

C3-5

Advanced Anatomy (3 decks)

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