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Computer Graphics > Background > Flashcards

Background Flashcards

1
Q

What is a (non-digital) image? (1)

A

f(x,y) = colour/intensity

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2
Q

What is sampling?

A

TODO

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3
Q

What is quantisation?

A

TODO

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4
Q

What is required for vision? (3)

A
  1. Light source
  2. Eyes
  3. Object that reflects/transmits light
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5
Q

Draw diagrams to represent the 3 types of viewing mechanisms (3)

A

TODO 19

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6
Q

What determines the spectrum of wavelengths arriving at the eye? (2)

A
  1. Spectrum of wavelengths emitted by light

2. Spectrum of wavelengths reflected/transmitted by object

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7
Q

What is light? (1)

A

Electromagnetic radiation

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8
Q

What is the range of wavelengths of visible light? (2)

A

700nm -> 400nm

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9
Q

What colour is light of wavelength 700nm? (1)

A

Red

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10
Q

What colour is light of wavelength 400nm? (1)

A

Violet

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11
Q

What wavelength is red light? (1)

A

700nm

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12
Q

What wavelength is blue/violet light? (1)

A

400nm

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13
Q

Why does the colour characteristic of light emitted vary for different illuminants? (3)

A
  1. Light is composed of multiple electromagnetic wavelengths
  2. Different wavelengths are emitted with different intensities
  3. The composition of these determines the colour characteristics
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14
Q

What is an illuminant? (1)

A

TODO

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15
Q

Why are incandescent light bulbs very red? (1)

A

Wavelengths in the red region are emitted with the HIGHEST INTENSITY

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16
Q

Draw a diagram of the human eye indicating the retina, fovea and optic nerve. (1)

A

TODO 26

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17
Q

What is the retina? (1)

A

An array of light detection cells

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18
Q

What is the fovea? (2)

A
  1. High resolution area of the retina

2. Highest density of cone cells

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19
Q

What does the optic nerve do? (1)

A

It takes signals from the retina to the visual cortex of the brain

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20
Q

How many light receptors are in the retina? (1)

A

150 million

21
Q

How many nerve fibres are in the optic nerve? (1)

A

1 million

22
Q

Why does the retina need to perform pre-processing?

A

There are 150M light receptors in the retina but only 1M nerve fibres in the optic nerve -> the amount of information received by the retina needs to be condensed to fit onto the optic nerve

23
Q

Name 3 ways the retina performs pre-processing. (3)

A
  1. Avg. multiple inputs
  2. Colour signal processing
  3. Local edge detection
24
Q

How is colour signal processing performed in the retina? (1)

A

TODO

25
Q

What is colour signal processing in the retina? (1)

A

TODO

26
Q

What is local edge detection in the retina? (1)

A

TODO

27
Q

How is local edge detection performed in the retina? (1)

A

TODO

28
Q

How are multiple inputs averaged in the retina? (1)

A

TODO

29
Q

Draw a diagram indicating the types of cells in the retina. (5)

A

TODO 28

30
Q

What are the light detectors in the retina? (2)

A
  1. Rod cells

2. Cone cells

31
Q

What do cone cells do? (1)

A

Enable colour vision

32
Q

How many types of cone cells are there? (2)

A

3

33
Q

What’s the difference between the types of cone cells? (1)

A

They are sensitive to different wavelengths of light (short, medium, long)

34
Q

What is the macula? (1)

A

TODO

35
Q

Where are the cone cells concentrated? (1)

A

The macula

36
Q

Where is the macula? (1)

A

Centre of the retina

37
Q

What is the density of cones in the fovea? (1)

A

150,000 per square mm

38
Q

What is vision like outside the fovea? (2)

A
  1. Lower resolution

2. Monochromatic

39
Q

What is the purpose of providing lower resolution area of vision outside the fovea? (3)

A
  1. Provide peripheral vision
    - > stop you walking into things
    - > find things more easily
40
Q

Is the way the retina averages multiple inputs uniform for the whole retina? (1)

A

No, outside the fovea more rods’ inputs are combined per signal

41
Q

How are rod and cone cells distributed over the retina? (2)

A
  1. Tightly packed cones in the fovea

2. Cones spread out and spaces filled with rods outside the fovea

42
Q

Why is it more difficult to see detail in blue than other colours? (1)

A

We have less cones that receive short wavelength light (corresponding to Blue light) than cones that receive medium/long wavelengths

43
Q

What is luminance? (1)

A

TOCHECK

Signal comprising signals from long + medium + short cones

44
Q

What is the percentage distribution of the different cone types in the fovea? (3)

A

7% short
37% medium
56% long

45
Q

What is the approximate ratio of long:medium cones? (1)

A

3:2

46
Q

What percentage of cones are short outside the fovea? (1)

A

1%

47
Q

Where is the least number of short cones in the fovea and how many are there? (2)

A
  1. Central 1/3 degree of vision

2. None

48
Q

Why can we see a yellowish-red but not a greenish-red? ()

A

TODO 34

49
Q

What is a digital image? (1)

A

Rectangular array of intensity/colour VALUES

i.e. a collection of numbers

Computer Graphics (1 decks)

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