Background

Question 1

Why did Ulster become majority protestant area?

Answer 1

• Failed (Irish) rebellion in 1600s -> land to the crown

- Land given to Scottish Presbyterians that promise not to hire catholics

Question 2

Wolfe Tone main points

Answer 2

• Identity should be with nationality not religion
• London is the enemy not fellow irishmen
• Later adopted by the IRA

Question 3

1798 Rebellion

Answer 3

• United Irishmen against Britain with help of France
• Attempts of violent uprising
• Catholic on Protestant violence
• British end up killing a lot of people and getting it under control

Question 4

Union

Answer 4

• 1800s acts of union
• Centralized government
• Merging of Churches
• Catholics against the Union
• Union goes ahead with Protestants as equal citizens, not catholics

Question 5

Catholic emancipation

Answer 5

• Previously could not work as judges, military officers
• Voting only for landowners
• Daniel O’Connell leading figure
• His idea of Ireland being a kingdom within the British Empire, he as the prime minister
• George III vetoes bc of ‘protecting protestants’
• Protestants fearing democracy as they’re minority population

Question 6

1848 revolt

Answer 6

• Young Ireland
• Triggered by Great Famine, Inspiration from French revolution
• The rebels escaping to Paris where other failed rebels teach them to be better

Question 7

Why does the background matter?

Answer 7

• Mental justification for both sides on continous violence
• Narrative of oppressed catholics OR catholics being given some rights and they start killing
• Inspirational people to be used in the rhetoric
• Learning from past mistakes (counter intelligence, cellular system, no one person in charge of everything etc)

Question 8

Celtic Revival

Answer 8

• Late 1800s
• Independence through shared culture not by shooting people
• Language, culture, shared Irish past, sports, not religion

Question 9

Home Rule

Answer 9

• Ulster against, partition would be better for protestants
• Radicalization, both IRB and UVF getting ready
• Idea of separate Northern Irish identity
• Voted eventually to go through in 1914 but the war stops it

-Slow motion civil war after 1911 parliament act, armed voluntary forces

Question 10

Why did they not partition Ireland beginning of 1900s?

Answer 10

South starts blowing shit up

Question 11

Why did Ireland as a whole not get home rule in beginning of 1900s?

Answer 11

North starts blowing shit up

Question 12

Two narratives of 1916

Answer 12

-Protestants:
Dying for UK in Europe by masses while catholics start blowing up Ireland with german guns

-Catholics:
Easter rising as the founding myth of Ireland, pride, rising up against the oppression

Question 13

Easter Rising

Answer 13

• Great War distracting the English
• Pearse: Like Jesus will die for Ireland
• Connolly: International Marxism
• Clarke: IRA guy
• Guns and money from USA and Germany
• Plans get cancelled and then uncancelled, British Intelligence confused
• Strategically bad
• Symbolism, call themselves a government, uniforms
• Dublin blown up

Question 14

Consequences of the Easter Rising

Answer 14

• Leaders shot, new leaders rising
• Establishing IRA
• Taking buildings in uniforms no longer working
• > rural hit &run, make british feel hunted

-Intelligence better, killing agent handlers