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System Design > Background Jobs, DNS, CDN > Flashcards

Background Jobs, DNS, CDN Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

What are background jobs?

A

Tasks that run behind the scenes to handle operations that don’t need to be completed instantly.

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2
Q

What is an event-driven background job?

A

Triggered by specific events in the system, such as user actions or system-generated events.

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3
Q

How do event-driven background jobs work?

A

An event occurs, logged or sent to a message queue, and a background worker processes it asynchronously.

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4
Q

Give three examples of event-driven background jobs.

A
  • Email Notifications
  • Image Processing
  • Payment Processing
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5
Q

What are the benefits of event-driven background jobs?

A
  • Immediate responsiveness
  • Decouples user-facing operations from heavy backend tasks
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6
Q

What is a schedule-driven background job?

A

Runs at specific times or intervals based on a predefined schedule.

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7
Q

How do schedule-driven background jobs work?

A

A scheduler triggers the job at the set time or interval to perform a designated task automatically.

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8
Q

Provide three examples of schedule-driven background jobs.

A
  • Daily Reports
  • Database Backups
  • Cache Cleaning
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9
Q

What are the benefits of schedule-driven background jobs?

A
  • Automates repetitive tasks
  • Ensures consistency by running tasks at regular intervals
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10
Q

What is a returning results background job?

A

Processes a task in the background and provides the result to the user or system once complete.

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11
Q

How do returning results background jobs work?

A

A user requests a task, the job processes it asynchronously, and the result is returned when complete.

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12
Q

List three examples of returning results background jobs.

A
  • File Downloads
  • Data Analysis
  • Video Rendering
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13
Q

What are the benefits of returning results background jobs?

A
  • Handles long-running tasks without blocking the user interface
  • Notifies users when the task is complete
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14
Q

What are the key characteristics of background jobs?

A
  • Event-Driven: When an event occurs
  • Schedule-Driven: At predefined times/intervals
  • Returning Results: When results are requested
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15
Q

Why use background jobs?

A
  • Improves Responsiveness
  • Handles Long-Running Tasks
  • Ensures Reliability
  • Scalability
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16
Q

What are message queues used for in background jobs?

A

To queue tasks for background processing.

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17
Q

Name three examples of tools for managing background jobs.

A
  • RabbitMQ
  • Celery
  • Cron
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18
Q

What is DNS?

A

The Domain Name System translates human-readable domain names into machine-readable IP addresses.

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19
Q

Why is DNS needed?

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A
  • Human-Friendly Naming
  • Dynamic IP Addresses
  • Load Balancing and Redundancy
20
Q

Describe the DNS query process step-by-step.

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A
  • DNS Resolver queries the root DNS server
  • Root server queries TLD server
  • TLD server queries authoritative nameserver
  • Authoritative nameserver provides IP address
  • Response returned to client
  • Caching occurs
21
Q

What are the key components of DNS?

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A
  • DNS Resolver
  • Root Nameserver
  • TLD Nameserver
  • Authoritative Nameserver
22
Q

What is an A Record in DNS?

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A

Maps a domain name to an IPv4 address.

23
Q

What does TTL stand for in DNS caching?

24
Q

What is DNS caching?

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A

Temporarily stores DNS query results to reduce load and speed up requests.

25
What is DNS load balancing?
Distributes traffic across multiple servers using DNS.
26
What is DNS spoofing/poisoning?
An attacker alters DNS responses to redirect users to malicious websites.
27
What are the security measures in DNS?
* DNSSEC * DDoS Attack Mitigation * Reverse DNS
28
What is a Content Delivery Network (CDN)?
A system of distributed servers that delivers web content to users more quickly and reliably.
29
Why use a CDN?
Reduces latency by serving content from servers closer to the user.
30
What is a Content Delivery Network (CDN)?
A system of distributed servers located in different geographical regions that delivers web content to users more quickly and reliably.
31
How do CDNs reduce latency?
By serving content from servers that are physically closer to the user.
32
List the benefits of using a CDN.
* Improved Speed * Reduced Load on Origin Server * Scalability * Better Availability * Security
33
What is a Push CDN?
A CDN where the website owner manually uploads content to the CDN’s servers.
34
What is a Pull CDN?
A CDN that automatically retrieves content from the origin server when a user requests it for the first time.
35
Fill in the blank: A Push CDN is best for _______ content.
static, unchanging
36
Fill in the blank: A Pull CDN is ideal for _______ content.
dynamic or frequently updated
37
What is an advantage of using a Push CDN?
Complete control over what content is stored on the CDN.
38
What is a disadvantage of using a Pull CDN?
The first request to new content may experience higher latency.
39
True or False: A Pull CDN requires more manual effort to upload or update files.
False
40
What happens when a user requests content for the first time in a Pull CDN?
The CDN fetches it from the origin server and caches it for subsequent users.
41
What is one key difference between Push CDN and Pull CDN regarding content upload?
Push CDN requires manual upload, while Pull CDN automatically pulls from the origin server.
42
In a Pull CDN, what must be managed to avoid serving outdated content?
Cache settings
43
Provide an example of when to choose a Push CDN.
When content doesn’t change often, such as videos or high-resolution images.
44
Provide an example of when to choose a Pull CDN.
When content updates frequently, such as blogs or e-commerce sites.
45
List the pros of Push CDN.
* Complete control over stored content * Great for predictable, unchanging content
46
List the cons of Pull CDN.
* Slight delay for first request to new content * Requires management of cache settings
47
What does a CDN do to improve security?
Protects against Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks by absorbing malicious traffic.

System Design (8 decks)

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