Background Physics Flashcards
(22 cards)
Atomic number
Number of protons in a nucleas
Atomic weight
Sum of protons and neutrons in an atom
Isotopes
Elements with a different number of neutrons, more or less
Electrons
Negatively charged subatomic particle
Electron shell
The orbiting distance of an electron around its nucleas
The greater the distance, the higher the energy
Ion
Electrically charged atom
Vary in number of electrons
Electrons are added or removed by radiation, heat, or encountering an electric field
Cation
Positively charged ion
More electrons than protons
Anion
Negatively charged ion
Fewer electrons than protons
Compound
Combined elements that share electrons
Molecule
A combination of two or more atoms
Conductors
Allow for the flow of electricity
Insulators
Prevents the flow of electricity
Dielectric insulators prevent charges from equalizing, as in a capacitor.
Resistors
Modify conductivity
Conductivity and resistance are inversely proportional
Semiconductor
Conduct electricity under the right conditions
Ex: Diodes, transistors, IC’s, etc
“Holes”
Electron deficiency
“Holes” flow in the opposite direction of electrons
N type semiconductor
Used when electrons make up most of the charge carriers
P type semiconductor
When “holes” make up most of the charge carrierss
Current
Measured in amperes (v/o)
Flow of charge carriers through a substance
Coulombs
A measurement of how many carriers pass through a given point in 1 second
1C=(6.24×10^18)
Static electricity
A build-up of carriers that can only be dispered once the object containing the charge becomes grounded.
EMF
Electromotive force
Electric potential
Potential difference
Measured in volts
The push or pull of a charge created by the absence or abundance of a charge
Non-electrical energy
Visible light
Infrared light
Magnetism
Batteries
