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Bacte myco Flashcards

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1
Q

How are Mycobacteria best described?

A

Slender, slightly curved, non-motile bacilli

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2
Q

What component of the cell wall gives Mycobacteria their acid-fastness?

A

Mycolic acid

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3
Q

What is responsible for the acid-fast property of Mycobacteria?

A

Mycolic acid

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4
Q

What decolorizer do acid-fast bacilli resist?

A

Acid-alcohol

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5
Q

Which Mycobacterium species cannot be grown in vitro?

A

Mycobacterium leprae

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6
Q

What organism causes tuberculosis?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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7
Q

Who discovered M. tuberculosis?

A

Robert Koch

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8
Q

What is the doubling time of M. tuberculosis?

A

15–24 hours

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9
Q

Pott’s disease affects which part of the body?

A

Spine

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10
Q

What is the mode of transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis?

A

Airborne droplets

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11
Q

Which medium shows ‘breadcrumb’ colonies of M. tuberculosis?

A

Lowenstein-Jensen medium

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12
Q

What enhances the growth of M. tuberculosis in culture?

A

Glycerol

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13
Q

What is the appearance of caseous necrosis?

A

Cheese-like

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14
Q

What does the tuberculin test identify?

A

Recent or past TB infection

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15
Q

What is PPD derived from?

A

Old tuberculin

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16
Q

Which method is used for the Mantoux test?

A

Intradermal injection

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17
Q

Which test uses cloth soaked in tuberculin?

A

Vollmer patch test

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18
Q

Which mucolytic agent is used in digestion-decontamination?

A

N-acetyl-L-cysteine

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19
Q

Which decontaminant is used for Pseudomonas contamination?

A

Oxalic acid

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20
Q

Which stain is used for detecting acid-fast bacilli?

A

Ziehl-Neelsen stain

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21
Q

What type of stain is the Kinyoun method?

A

Cold acid-fast stain

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22
Q

Which microscope is used for Auramine-rhodamine stain?

A

Fluorescence microscope

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23
Q

What atmospheric condition enhances M. tuberculosis growth?

A

5–10% CO₂

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24
Q

Which medium helps recover isoniazid-resistant M. tuberculosis?

A

Middlebrook 7H11

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25
What is the function of malachite green in LJ medium?
Inhibits contaminants
26
Which medium is egg-based?
Lowenstein-Jensen medium
27
Which Mycobacterium is niacin positive?
M. tuberculosis
28
Which organism is negative for heat-stable catalase?
M. tuberculosis
29
Which test detects rapid growers via phenolphthalein production?
Arylsulfatase test
30
Which species is strongly positive for arylsulfatase?
M. fortuitum
31
BCG vaccine is derived from which species?
M. bovis
32
Which is NOT a first-line anti-TB drug?
Ciprofloxacin
33
MDR-TB is resistant to which drugs?
INH and rifampicin
34
Which symptom is characteristic of TB?
Hemoptysis
35
How is M. bovis transmitted to humans?
Ingestion of raw milk
36
Which test distinguishes M. bovis from M. tuberculosis?
Niacin test
37
Which animal is used to grow M. leprae experimentally?
Mouse footpad
38
Which form of leprosy is benign and non-progressive?
Tuberculoid
39
What does the lepromin test evaluate?
Type of leprosy
40
What is the early reaction in the lepromin test?
Fernandez reaction
41
Which stain is specific for M. leprae?
Wade-Fite stain
42
What is the treatment of choice for leprosy?
Dapsone
43
Which disease is caused by M. ulcerans?
Buruli ulcer
44
Runyon Group I includes which type of Mycobacteria?
Photochromogens
45
To which group does M. kansasii belong?
Runyon Group I
46
Which Mycobacterium is the 'yellow bacillus'?
M. kansasii
47
What type of Mycobacteria are in Runyon Group II?
Scotochromogens
48
What is the common name of M. gordonae?
Tap water bacillus
49
Which group includes rapid growers?
Runyon Group IV
50
Which rapid grower grows without CV on MAC?
M. fortuitum
51
M. intracellulare belongs to which complex?
M. avium-intracellulare complex
52
Which medium supports isoniazid-resistant MTB?
Middlebrook 7H11
53
Which dye is inhibitory in LJ medium?
Malachite green
54
Which Mycobacterium grows at 52°C?
M. thermoresistible
55
What technique solidifies egg-based media?
Insipisation
56
Which medium is for sterile site specimens?
Middlebrook 7H9
57
What method measures catalase activity in Mycobacteria?
Semi-quantitative bubble column test
58
Which Mycobacterium is catalase negative?
M. tuberculosis
59
Which Runyon group is non-pigmented?
Group III
60
Dubos medium contains which component?
Oleic acid and albumin
61
Which Mycobacterium causes swimming pool granuloma?
M. marinum
62
Which organism forms 'bird's nest' colonies?
M. xenopi
63
What is the 'radish bacillus'?
M. terrae-triviale complex
64
What is the most sensitive stain for AFB?
Auramine-rhodamine
65
What color indicates positive Tween 80 hydrolysis?
Pink
66
What % NaCl tests Mycobacterium salt tolerance?
0.05
67
Which medium is recommended for the niacin test?
LJ medium
68
What liquefies sputum in digestion procedures?
N-acetyl-L-cysteine
69
What reagent is used in the niacin test?
Aniline dye + cyanogen bromide
70
What is used to digest Pseudomonas-contaminated specimens?
Oxalic acid
71
Which is NOT a symptom of TB?
Jaundice
72
Which social group is most affected by TB?
Poor
73
Where do latent TB bacteria reside?
Calcified lesions
74
Which leprosy type has many bacilli?
Lepromatous
75
What helps Mycobacteria evade immune response?
Intracellular growth
76
What confirms Mycobacterium species?
DNA probe
77
What medium detects growth of rapid growers?
MAC agar
78
Which medium is used for large volume bone marrow?
Middlebrook 7H13
79
What color indicates positive arylsulfatase test?
Red/Pink
80
What is the arrangement of M. leprae in smears?
Parallel 'cigar packets'
81
Which species is urease positive and biochemically inert?
M. africanum
82
When are cultures reported negative?
After 8 weeks
83
What does 1–9 AFB/10 fields indicate in CDC reporting?
2+
84
What is used in semi-quantitative catalase testing?
30% H₂O₂
85
Which is a second-line anti-TB drug?
Cycloserine
86
Which test differentiates M. bovis and M. tuberculosis?
TCH susceptibility
87
What does a positive Mitsuda reaction indicate?
Resistance to leprosy
88
What differentiates M. leprae from others?
Phenolase from skin nodules
89
Which test uses multiple punctures on the skin?
Tuberculin tine test
90
What type of Mycobacteria grow in <7 days?
Rapid growers
91
What is the oxygen requirement of Mycobacteria?
Obligate aerobes
92
Runyon classification is based on?
Pigment production and growth rate
93
Which Mycobacterium causes cervical lymphadenitis?
M. scrofulaceum
94
Where is M. simiae commonly found?
Monkeys
95
Which organism causes false positives in sputum?
M. gordonae
96
What colony morphology is described as 'breadcrumb'?
M. tuberculosis
97
Which species is nitrate negative?
M. bovis
98
Which test is used for pyrazinamidase activity?
PZA agar
99
What helps prevent leprosy?
BCG and Dapsone
100
How is M. smegmatis classified?
Rapid grower

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