Bacteria

Question 1

are single celled microbes. microscopic single-celled organisms that thrive in diverse environments.

Answer 1

Bacteria

Question 2

Circular pieces of DNA

Answer 2

Plasmids

Question 3

Classification /criteria of bacteria

Answer 3

1. nature of cell walls
2. Shape
3. Differences in genetic makeup

Question 4

CELLULAR STRUCTURE

Answer 4

1. INTRACELLULAR structures
2. Extracellular structure
3. Endospores

Question 5

The bacterial cell is surrounded by a cell membrane (also known as a lipid, cytoplasmic or plasma
membrane)

Answer 5

Intracellular structures

Question 6

present on the outside of the cell membrane.

Answer 6

cell wall

Question 7

the cell and acts as a barrier to hold nutrients, proteins and
other essential components within the cell

Answer 7

Cytoplasm

Question 8

have a central core of cytoplasm containing DNA and ribosomes surrounded by a
cortex layer and protected by an impermeable and rigid coat.

Answer 8

Endosphore

Question 9

Certain genera of gram-positive bacteria

Answer 9

Bacillus, Clostridium, Sporohalobacter, Anaerobacter, and Heliobacterium.

Question 10

a test used to identify bacteria by the composition of their cell walls.

Answer 10

Gram stain

Question 11

who developed the technique in 1884.

Answer 11

Hans Christian Gram

Question 12

Second re-colored dye that stained the cells.

Answer 12

SAFRANIN

Question 13

two different types of cell wall in bacteria

Answer 13

Gram-positives and Gram-negatives

Question 14

• Bacteria have a large, thick membrane.
  -Bacteria take up the crystal violet stain/PURPLE used in the test, and then appear to
  be purple-colored when seen through a microscope.

Answer 14

Gram-positive

Question 15

-have a thin
but difficult to penetrate membrane
-Cells walls have two layers take on a red coloring.

Answer 15

Gram-negatives

Question 16

Three basic bacterial shapes/morphology

Common Shapes of Bacteria

Answer 16

1. Coccus: spherical or round
2. Bacillus: rod shaped
3. Spiral: curve, spiral, or twisted

Question 17

Common Bacterial Cell Arrangements

Answer 17

Diplo
Strepto
Tetrad
Sarcinae
Staphylo

Question 18

cells remain in pairs after dividing

Answer 18

Diplo

Question 19

cells remain in chains after dividing

Answer 19

Strepto

Question 20

cells remain in groups of four and divide in two planes

Answer 20

Tetrad

Question 21

cells remain in groups of eight and divide in three planes

Answer 21

Sarcinae

Question 22

cells remain in clusters and divide in multiple planes

Answer 22

Staphylo

Question 23

plural cocci, from the Latin coccinus (scarlet) and derived from the Greek kokkos(berry)) is any
microorganism(usually bacteria) whose overall shape is spherical or nearly spherical.

Answer 23

Coccus

Question 24

known as cocci, are oval-shaped or spherical bacteria.

Answer 24

Coccus bacteria

Question 25

4 Types of coccus bacteria

Answer 25

Diplococcus bacteria, Streptococcus bacteria, Staphylococcus bacteria and Enterococcus bacteria.

Question 26

These cells can exist in several different arrangements

Answer 26

``` Diplococci (Neisseria) Streptococci (Streptococcus) Tetrad (Micrococci) Sarcinae Staphylococci (Staphylococcus) ```

Question 27

A (plural diplococci) round bacterium (a coccus) that typically occurs in pairs of two joined cells.

Answer 27

Diplococcus

Question 28

meaning double

Answer 28

Diplo

Question 29

Meaning berry

Answer 29

Coccus

Question 30

A type of rod-shaped bacteria.

Answer 30

Coccobacillus

Question 31

arranged in grape-like clusters of cells.

Answer 31

Staphylococcus bacteria

Question 32

can cause serious health issues.

Answer 32

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Question 33

arranged in chains or rows, which vary in length.

Answer 33

Streptococcus Bacteria

Question 34

are arranged in pairs or short chains.

Answer 34

Enterococcus Bacteria

Question 35

May also be used to describe any rod-shaped bacterium, and in this sense, bacilli are found in many different taxonomic groups of bacteria.

Answer 35

Bacillus

Question 36

Scientists classify living organisms into groups, with kingdoms being the broadest and species being the most specific.

Answer 36

taxonomists

Question 37

is a class of bacteria (this will be the focus of the lesson)

Answer 37

Bacilli

Question 38

a genus of bacteria (genus names are usually italicized or underlined)

Answer 38

Bacillus

Question 39

(plural: bacillus) refers to bacteria that have a rod shape

Answer 39

Bacili

Question 40

Groups of bacteria are often classified based on their shape, how they move, and how the outside of the cell or its covering looks.

Answer 40

Bacillales and Lactobacillales

Question 41

cells can exist in several different arrangements

Answer 41

``` Monobacillus Diplobacilli Streptobacilli Palisades Coccobacillus ```

Question 42

remains single rod-shaped cell after dividing.

Answer 42

Monobacillus

Question 43

cells remain in pairs after dividing.

Answer 43

Diplobacilli

Question 44

cells remain in chains after dividing.

Answer 44

Streptobacilli

Question 45

cells in a chain are arranged side-by-side instead of end-to-end and are partially attached.

Answer 45

Palisades

Question 46

cells are short with a slight oval shape, resembling both coccus and bacillus bacteria.’

Answer 46

Coccobacillus

Question 47

Types of Bacilli

Answer 47

Escherichia coli | Other strains

Question 48

bacteria are bacillus shaped bacteria.

Answer 48

Escherichia coli (E. coli)

Question 49

are pathogenic and can cause intestinal disease, urinary tract infections, and meningitis.

Answer 49

Other strains

Question 50

(helical) shape, form the third major morphological category of prokaryotes along with the rod-shaped bacilli and round cocci

Answer 50

Bacteria of SPIRAL

Question 51

a rigid spiral bacterium that is Gram-negative and | frequently amphitrichous or lophotrichous.

Answer 51

SPIRILLUM

Question 52

are a group of bacteria characterized by a corkscrew (spiral) appearance.

Answer 52

Spirilla

Question 53

refers to the ability of an organism to cause disease (ie, harm the host)

Answer 53

Pathogenicity

Question 54

three main genera

Answer 54

1. Spirillum 2. Aquaspirillum 3. Ocenospirillum

Question 55

commonly found in marine environments.

Answer 55

Oceanospirillum

Question 56

commonly found in freshwater habitats.

Answer 56

Aquaspirillum

Question 57

commonly | found in freshwater environments

Answer 57

Spirillum

Question 58

it can be found in the digestive tract where it's responsible for sores, ulcers, and gastritis.

Answer 58

Helicobacter pylori

Question 59

-genus of the phylum Proteobacteria. -a member of this group is an enteric bacteria that cause gastroenteritis in human beings

Answer 59

Campylobacter

Question 60

a very thin, elongate, flexible, spiral bacteria that is motile via endoflagella.

Answer 60

spirochete (plural spirochetes)

Question 61

5 members of spirochete

Answer 61

``` ● Treponema ● Spironema ● Leptospira ● Spirochaeta ● Borrelia ```