Diseases Flashcards
(29 cards)
one of the most common diseases caused by Spirilla bacteria.
-Also known as spirillary fever or epidemic arthritic erythema.
Rat-bite fever
are infected by the bacteria when they feed on infected rodents.
Carnivores
symptoms Two or three weeks after the bite
- an abrupt fever
- Chills
- weight loss
- hair loss
- Headache
- inflamed and ulcerated wound at the wounded site (the wound that started healing becomes
ulcerated) . - If untreated, prominent rashes develop followed by a recurring fever.
- In some patients, pneumonia, myocarditis, and meningitis may develop.
Leptospira species
leptospirosis
Borrelia burgdorferi, B. garinii, and B. afzelii
Lyme disease
Borrelia recurrentis
relapsing fever
Treponema pallidum
treponematoses such as syphilis and yaws.
Brachyspira pilosicoli and Brachyspira aalborgi
intestinal spirochaetosis
Classification of Spirochetes
Domain
Phylum
Order
exist as
parasites, free-living organisms or as symbionts with some of the species being very beneficial to man.
Domain: Bacteria
Bacterial cells characterized by a unique diderm (double-membrane) that gives
them their Gram-negative characteristic.
Phylum: Spirochaetes
Helically-shaped bacteria capable of locomotion.
Order: Spirochaetales
group of bacteria, spirochetes are widely distributed in nature and can be found in different
environments across the world
Ecology and Distribution
Characteristics of Spirochetes
Cell structure and Morphology
Cell Body
Spirochete Peptidoglycan
Spirochetes Metabolism
As the name suggests, spirochetes have a spiral morphology that has been used to classify them based on
morphology. From early records, it’s believed that spirochetes were first observed under the microscope
by Van Leeuwenhoek, who noted that in their motion, they “bent their body into curves in going forwards”
(Holt, 1978, p. 115).
Cell structure and Morphology
As the name suggests, spirochetes have a spiral morphology that has been used to classify them based on
morphology. From early records, it’s believed that spirochetes were first observed under the microscope
by Van Leeuwenhoek, who noted that in their motion, they “bent their body into curves in going forwards”
(Holt, 1978, p. 115).
Cell structure and Morphology
consists of a cell
wall, cytoplasmic membrane as well as cell contents (cytoplasmic contents) enclosed within.
Cell body
shown to make up about 1 percent of the total cell dry weight and has a
similar composition to the peptidoglycan found in gram-negative bacteria.
Spirochete Peptidoglycan
components of peptidoglycan in spirochetes
✔ Glutamic acid
✔ Muramic acid
✔ L-ornithine
metabolism is largely dependent on their distribution and habitat.
Spirochetes Metabolism
this process
occurs through asexual transverse binary fission.
Reproduction
a genus of the phylum spirochete that consists of species responsible for Lyme disease (Lyme
borreliosis).
Borrelia
containing Gram-negative, comma-shaped rods
with a partial twist.
Vibrio
The illness produced by Vibrio bacteria is
vibriosis
