Bacteria Flashcards
(141 cards)
1
Q
Endure high temperature
A
Thermoduric
2
Q
salt tolerant
A
halophile
3
Q
acid tolerant
A
acidophile
4
Q
cold loving (-40 to -20C)
A
Psychrophiles
5
Q
Moderate temp loving (20 to 40C)
A
Mesophiles
6
Q
Although they can grow from 20-40 ºC, but the mesophiles would
grow best at ___C that’s why they
can survive in the body.
A
37
7
Q
Heat loving (40 to 85C)
A
Thermophiles
8
Q
Utilizes inorganic material as source of nutrients
A
Autotroph
9
Q
Requires organic material for growth and development
A
Heterotroph
10
Q
uses simple inorganic forms
A
chemolitotrophs
11
Q
Air (oxygen) requiring
A
Aerobe
12
Q
Air (oxygen) poisoned
A
Anaerobe
13
Q
Cannot survive in the presence of oxygen
A
Obligate anaerobe
14
Q
Can survive with or without oxygen
A
Facultative anaerobe
15
Q
Only need a small or minute amount of oxygen to survive
A
Microaerophilic
16
Q
Do not need or use oxygen to survive, but they can tolerate or survive in its presence
A
aerotolerant
17
Q
Largest bacteria; can grow up to 0.7 mm wide (macroscopic); discovered in Namibia.
A
Thioimargarita namibiensis
18
Q
cell shape: These are rounded cells that can divide in different
planes.
A
cocci
19
Q
cocci cell shape: Divides on a single plane and remain attached to each
other after division as pairs.
A
diplococci
20
Q
cocci cell shape: Divides on a single plane and continues to divide
attached to each other forming a chain.
A
streptococci
21
Q
cocci cell shape: Divides on more than three planes and appears as clusters.
A
Staphylococci
22
Q
cocci cell shape: Divides on two planes and remain intact as packets of 4.
A
Tetrad
23
Q
cocci cell shape: Divides on three planes and appears as packets of 8.
A
Sarcina
24
Q
Bacilli divides only on its ___ not on its _____ axis
A
short axis, longitudinal
25
Bacilli that divides and separates
Bacillus
26
Oval-shaped bacilli
Cocobacillus
27
Bacilli that divides and remain attached
diplobacilli, streptobacilli
28
bacilli in singly (separate), arranged in palisade
pasilades
29
_____ are all singles and do not form clusters or chains
spirilla
30
Spirilla that is an enlarged rod
Fusiform
31
An example of a helical spirilla
H. pylori
32
An example of a spirochete spirilla and causative agent of syphilis
treponema pallidum
33
bacterial cell wall is mainly responsible for maintaining the ___ and __ of the bacteria cell
shape and integrity
34
_____ are the target of antibiotics
bacterial cell wall
35
Bacterial cell wall is the target of some antibiotics as they are _____
chemically different with eukaryotic cells
36
Bacterial cell wall consists of ____ layer which is also called the ____
peptidoglycan, murein
37
Peptidoglycan is a very important part of the cell wall since it differentiates the different types of microorganisms would help in the identification of bacterial cell
whether it is _______ or _____.
gram positive or gram negative
38
Generally, the peptidoglycan layer
consists of alternating _____ (NAG) and ________ (NAM), which are attached by peptide bridges.
N-acetyl glucosamine, N-acetyl muramic acid
39
bacteria that consist of thick peptidoglycan layer and is stained with purple.
Gram positive
40
Consists of very thin peptidoglycan layer, but it possesses an outer membrane which is mainly made up of lipopolysaccharide.
Gram negative
41
The outer membrane is easily dissolved in gram staining. Appearing red or pink.
Gram negative
42
Gram staining process involves?
Decolorizer (alcohol) -> mordant (Gram's iodine) -> Crystal Violet-Iodine Complex (CVI complex)
43
_____ (found in the center) is a structure wherein there is no membrane that would bind or enclosed on it.
Nucleoid
44
____ is a community of different microorganisms. It is a combination of bacteria, fungi, protozoan and maybe some parasites that would protect each
other. This is usually found in canals/sewage.
Biofilm
45
Glycocalyx can be in the form of ________________ layer.
capsule/slime
46
____ glycocalyx is well organized while _____ glycocalyx is ruggedly arranged
capsule, slime
47
The function of capsule is to protect the bacteria form _____, ____, or _____, and it is also a ____ of bacterial cell form the process of phagocytosis.
desiccation, drying, or toxic substances, and it is also the protection
48
Spores is ___ a method of reproduction because there will be no increase in the number of the bacterial cell.
not
49
spore to vegetative cell
Germination
50
Endospores are chemically made up of _____ and ______. It allows the bacterial cell to produce the dormant stage. Because of this endospore formation, the cell becomes high resistant to anything that could affect the cell
dipicolinic acid and calcium
51
The ________ can survive an environment that would normally kill a bacterial cell in its vegetative form.
endospores
52
two regions of the endospore
exosporium and cortex
53
exosporium consist of ___ and __
spore coat and cysteine
54
cortex consists of ___and ____
peptidoglycan and central core
55
___ and ___ are genes in the bacterial cell that is activated whenever there is sporulation or endospore formation
spo and ssp
56
__________ are considered to be the virulence factor of some microorganisms although virulence is not only confined to the ability of the cell to produce toxins since there are other virulence factors.
Bacterial Toxin
57
Lipid A component of LPS - released from lysed or damaged cell of Gram negative
Endotoxin
58
Released extracellularly - usually by Gram- positive
Exotoxin
59
There are bigger number of antibiotics that are used in _______ organisms rather than ________ organism because of the toxic effect
that would happen especially if the target of the bacteria would be the cell wall
gram positive, gram negative
60
They caused damage to the cell
Cytolytic
61
consists of cytokines and has massive inflammatory reaction
Super antigen
62
Bacterial cell multiplication goes therough the process of ______
binary fission
63
The period wherein the organisms double in number. Around 15 to 20 minutes depending on the type of organism
Generation time
64
Any material containing essential nutrients for the growth and multiplication of bacteria
Culture media
65
common bacteria: non-motile, non-spore-forming, catalase positive, carbohydrate fermenter
staphylococcus spp.
66
common bacteria: white to deep yellow pigment, beta- hemolytic, Gram positive cocci in clusters
staphylococcus spp
67
causes food poisoning, minor skin infection, TSS
S. Aureus
68
inhibition of phagocytosis by PMN
CAPSULE
69
hemolysins, Panton-Valentine leukocidin (MRSA), exfoliative toxin, TSS toxin, enterotoxins are toxins of ____
staphylococcus spp.
70
lancefield group a
S. pyogenes
71
"flesh eating bacteria"
S.pyogenes
72
bacteria that causes acute pharyngitis, scarlet fever, skin infections
s. pyogenes
73
post sreptococcal, diseases like ______ and ______ may be acquired
rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis
74
virulence factor of s. pyogenes
streptolysin O and A
75
lancefield group b
S. agalactae
76
bacteria that causes septicaemia, pmeumonia, meningitis
causes s.agalactiae
77
causes bacterial pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media
s. pneumonia
78
opportunistic pathogen I n GI and GU tract
viridans streptococcus
79
a nosocomial infection bacteria
enterococci spp
80
polysaccharide, pneumolysin, and phosphrylcholine are the virulence factor of _______
s. pneumonia
81
bacteria spp that is gram positive cocci in chains, catalase negative
streptococcus
82
bacteria spp that is an opportunistic pathogen I n GI and GU tract
Viridans Streptococcus
83
Bacteria spp that causes nosocomial infection
Enterococci spp
84
A spp that is gram positive spore-forming aerobic bacilli in chains
Bacillus spp
85
Bacillus spp that has a bamboo appearance, spore appear ellipsoidal and are centrally located
B. anthracis
86
Bacillus that causes Woolsorter's disease
B. anthracis
87
B.cereus is an opportunistic pathogen that causes a food-borne illness, ______
progressive endophthalmitis
88
Bacillus found in feces with no symptoms
B. thuringiensis
89
B. subtilis is a _____
laboratory contaminant
90
Actinomycetes and N. braziliensis are G+ that are catalase ____ and have ____ rods
positive, branching
91
L.monocytogenes and C. diphtheria are catalase ___, ____ fast, ____ former, ____ rods
positive, non-acid, non-spore, non-branching
92
Enteric organisms are gram _____ bacilli and cocobacilli
negative
93
Enteric organisms are Mcconkey ____ and oxidase ____
positive, negative
94
Non lactose fermenters: SSP
Shigella, Salmonella, Proteus
95
Rapid Lactose Fermenter: EEEK
E.coli, E.aerogenes, E.cloacae, K.pneumoniae
96
E. coli virulence factors
O Ag, K Ag, Hemolysin
97
The __ of E.coli causes colonization and infection
O Ag
98
The ___ of E.coli causes pyelonephritis
K Ag
99
The ___ is the cytotoxin of the E.coli
Hemolysin
100
E. coli is the causative agent of ___, ___, and ____
UTI, sepsis, meningitis
101
E.coli associated diarrheal diseases
EPEC, ETEC, STEC, EIEC, EAEC
102
E.coli-associated severe watery diarrhea in infants
EPEC
103
E.coli-associated traveler's diarrhea
ETEC
104
E.coli-associated hemorrhagic colitis
STEC
105
E.coli-associated similar to shigellosis
EIEC
106
E.coli-associated acute and chronic diarrhea
EAEC
107
Enteric organism that is non-motile and has mucoid colonies.
Klebsiella spp
108
Enteric organism that is ampicillin-resistant, has multi-drug resistant plasmids, causes nosocomial infection
Klebsiella
109
Enteric organism that is motile, positive for ornithine decarboxylase, nosocomial infection
Enterobacter
110
Component of Enterobacter that makes it resistant to ampicillin, 1st and 2nd gen cephalosporin
ampC
111
What causes enterobacter to be resistant to 3rd gen cephalosporin
hyperproduce beta-lactamase
112
Resistant to aminoglycosides, penicillin, and
3rd generation cephalosporins
Serratia
113
Enteric organism that is has swarming colonies, chocolate cake smell, and a rapid urease producer
Proteus spp
114
Causative agent of bacteremia, pneumonia, focal lesions, ear infection, and diarrhea
Proteus
115
Proteus that causes UTI
P.mirabilis
116
Proteus that causes nosocomial infections
P.vulgaris
117
Enteric organism that causes nosocomial infection
Morganella spp
118
Enteric organism that causes UTI
providencia
119
Enteric organism that causes UTI, sepsis, meningitis, and brain abscess
Citrobacter spp
120
gene of C. feundii that causes resistance to ampicillin and 1st gen cepha
ampC
121
non-motile and causes bacillary dysentery
Shigella spp
122
Virulence factor of Shigella spp
LPS, S.dysenteriae T1
123
Causative agent of enteritis, systemic infection, and enteric fever
Salmonella
124
Salmonella that causes enteric fever
S. typhi
125
S. choleraesuis causes _____
bacteremia with focal lesions
126
_____ and _____ are the causative agents of enterocolitis
S. typhimurium, and S. Enteritidis
127
Anaerobic bacteria can either be ___/___ or _____
strict/obligate or aerotolerant
128
Strict/obligate anaerobes: BFP
Bacteroids, Fusobacterium, Prevotella
129
Aerotolerant anaerobes: CAB
Clostiridium, Actinomyces, Bafidobacterium
130
C. perfringes virulence factors
Alpha toxin and Beta toxin
131
Causative agent of gas gangrene, food poisoning, and necrotizing enteritis
C. perfringens
132
TeNT is the virulence factor of ____
C. tetani
133
Causative agent of tetanus
C. tetani
134
Virulence factor of C. botulinum
BoNT
135
C. botulinum is the causative agent of ____, _____, ____ botulism
food-born, infant, wound botulism
136
C. dificile virulence factors
TcdA and TcdB
137
C. dificile causes
Pseudomembranous colitis
138
B. fragilis and F. nucleatum virulence factors
Capsule endotoxin and succinic acid
139
Causative agents of Localized or enclosed abscess, Bacteremia, Aspiration pneumomia, Septic arthritis, Chronic sinusitis, and Decubitus ulcer
B. fragilis and F. nucleatum
140
spp that are generally aerobic, non-motile, very thin, slightly curved or straight rods
mycobactgerium spp
141
mycobactgerium spp are non-spore forming except ___
M. marinum
