Introduction

Question 1

Study of microorganisms

Answer 1

Microbiology

Question 2

Diverse group of organisms existing as single cells or
cell clusters

Answer 2

Microbiology

Question 3

Concerned with the form, structure, reproduction,
physiology, metabolism, and identification of microorganisms. It also includes the distribution in
nature, their relationship to each other and to other living things

Answer 3

Microbiology

Question 4

When specimens are inoculated on culture media, it would take a
period of time for the microorganisms to grow. They have to be placed in a condition around ___

Answer 4

37ºC

Question 5

The visible growth in a CM will reveal the form and structure in a period within ___ to ___ hours.

Answer 5

18 to 24

Question 6

Visible structures you see as the microorganisms grow

Answer 6

Colonies

Question 7

Most microorganisms are ______ to humans.

Answer 7

beneficial

Question 8

Disease causing microorganisms are collectively termed as
_______ _______.

Answer 8

infectious agents

Question 9

Microbiology covers _____, ____, ______, and _______

Answer 9

bacteriology, mycology, parasitology, and virology.

Question 10

study of bacteria

Answer 10

bacteriology

Question 11

study of fungi

Answer 11

mycology

Question 12

study of virus

Answer 12

virology

Question 13

study of parasites

Answer 13

parasitology

Question 14

Although microorganisms are generally microscopic, a few are macroscopic like ______

Answer 14

molds and mushrooms

Question 15

Bacteria have an average size of about _____

Answer 15

1 mcm

Question 16

Considered as laboratory pet and most studied of all living organisms.

Answer 16

Escherichia coli

Question 17

First one in which the genomic
character has been completely identified.

Answer 17

E.coli

Question 18

_______ are first considered to be non-bacterial entities. In
the earlier times they are considered as viruses because of their size. (200 nm).

Answer 18

Mycoplasmas

Question 19

One reason for reclassification of mycoplasma is that viruses would be _______ viruses, but mycoplasmas contain _________.

Answer 19

RNA/DNA; both

Question 20

Ecological relationships: Both parties involved benefit from each other.

Answer 20

Mutualism

Question 21

Ecological relationships: Only one organism benefits, but it doesn’t cause any harm to the other.

Answer 21

Commensalism

Question 22

Ecological relationships: Only one organism benefits and causes harm to the other.

Answer 22

Parasitism

Question 23

Independent chromosomal materials found in different
microorganisms and responsible for carrying the genes on
antibiotic resistance.

Answer 23

Plasmids

Question 24

Prokaryotes:
-Nucleus
-Chromosome
-Ploidy
-Organelles
-Organism

Answer 24

-No true nucleus
-No membrane bound
-single stranded; not separated from cytoplasm
-haploid
-bacteria and archae

Question 25

Eukaryotes: -Nucleus -Chromosome -Ploidy -Organelles -Organism

Answer 25

Eukaryotes: -True Nucleus -Membrane bound -chromosome separated from cytoplasm -diploid -fungi, algae, protozoa

Question 26

External components of prokaryotic cells

Answer 26

fimbriae, flagella, pili, glycocalyx

Question 27

A coating or layer of molecules external to the cell wall. It serves protective, adhesive, and receptor functions. It may fit tightly (capsule) or be very loose and diffuse (slime layer).

Answer 27

Glycocalyx (pink coating)

Question 28

Fine, hairlike bristles extending from the cell surface that help in adhesion to other cells and surfaces

Answer 28

Fimbriae

Question 29

Specialized appendage attached to the cell by a basal body that holds a long, rotating filament. The movement pushes the cell forward and provides motility.

Answer 29

Flagellum

Question 30

Only means of locomotion in microorganisms.

Answer 30

Flagellum

Question 31

An elongate, hollow appendage used in transfers of DNA to other cells.

Answer 31

Pilus

Question 32

Components of cell envelope of prokaryotic cells

Answer 32

cell wall, cell membrane, outer membrane

Question 33

A semirigid casing that provides structural support and shape for the cell.

Answer 33

Cell wall

Question 34

A thin sheet of lipid and protein that surrounds the cytoplasm and controls the flow of materials into and out of the cell pool.

Answer 34

Cell membrane

Question 35

Extra membrane similar to cell membrane but also containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Controls flow of materials and portions of it are toxic to mammals when released.

Answer 35

Outer membrane

Question 36

Interna component of the prokaryotic cells

Answer 36

bacterial chromosome/nucleoid, ribosomes, actin cytoskeleton, plasmid, endospore, inclusion/granule, cytoplasm

Question 37

Composed of condensed DNA molecules. DNA directs all genetics and heredity of the cell and codes for all proteins.

Answer 37

Bacterial chromosome or nucleoid

Question 38

Tiny particles composed of protein and RNA that are the sites of protein synthesis.

Answer 38

Ribosomes

Question 39

Long fibers of proteins that encircle the cell just inside the cell membrane and contribute to the shape of the cell.

Answer 39

actin cytoskeleton

Question 40

Double-stranded DNA circle containing extra genes.

Answer 40

Plasmid

Question 41

Dormant body formed within some bacteria that allows for their survival in adverse conditions.

Answer 41

Endospore

Question 42

Stored nutrients such as fat, phosphate, or glycogen deposited in dense crystals or particles that can be tapped into when needed.

Answer 42

Inclusion/granule

Question 43

Water-based solution filling the entire cell.

Answer 43

Cytoplasm

Question 44

It is the area in biology that is concerned with the phenomena of dependence of one living organism to another.

Answer 44

Parasitology