Bacteria Flashcards
What is the function of a pellicle?
moved by flagella
thin layer in cell membrane that allows shape retention.
What are common features between Algae and land plants?
1) both have cellulose
2) both have starch
3) both have 3 photosynthetic pigments - chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids
4) genetically related
3 types of Green Algae?
Caulerpa - seaweed
> Coenocytic
> One supercell?
> No cell wall - does not partition the cytoplasm and nuclei
Volvox
>complex colony of flagellated cells (whole ball of cells can swim)
> daughter cells formed within and released
> hollow ball of cells
>new colonies form inside
Ulva - sea lettuce
> multicellular thallus
> no roots, stems, leaves
What is the green algae similar to plant cells?
Green Algae Chlamydomonas
>similar to plant cells
> cup shape chloroplast and swim very well
What are the two types of spores in algae? (and fungi?)
Asexual spores and Sexual spores (sporogenesis)
What’s a asexual spore?
An asexual spore is a spore that is a result of MITOSIS
with the same genetic makeup as the cell that produced it…there is no genetic variation
(N) spores- most fungi/algae start off as an asexual spore
What’s a sexual spore?
A sexual spore is a spore that results from MEISOS
with no identical genetic makeup to the cell that produced it…there is genetic variation
(2N)
What is syngamy?
the fusion of two cells —-> zygotes are the only diploid (2N) cell and therefore only DIPLOID cell that is available from meiosis.
What is isogamy?
Opposing mating type (sexual reproduction) gametes that are morphologically identical – similar size and shape and can only distinguish between gametes..
basically, you cannot tell what an egg or sperm is.
What is the Algal cell structure? (Similar to land plants- bryophytes too)
1) Cell Wall
- made up of cellulose, carbohydrates and proteins
- rigid when mature (gives shape —> turgor pressure)
- permeable to water, gases and minerals -> all movement (in and out) is controlled by the plasma membrane
2) Plant Vacuole
- Ensures movement of water into cell
- in plants, vacuoles may contain organic compounds
- water moves into cell by exerting outwards pressure (turgor pressure) and is opposed by downwards wall pressure
3) Pyrenoids
in algae but not in many higher plants (except hornwarts)
Found in chloroplast and is responsible for carbon fixation, starch synthesis and storage.
ex) cosmarium..
What protists lack a rigid cell wall?
Euglena and paramecium (they use contractile vacoules instead to actively pump H2O and requires ATP)
How are green algae ancestral to land plants?
- Molecular evidence
- morphological and physiological evidence
- algal cells similar in structure and functioning to basic plant.
