Non Vascular plants - land plants (also known as the Bryophytes) mosses, liverwarts and hornwarts..

Question 1

What is the origin of land plants?

Answer 1

Approx 450 MYA from aquatic green algae

fossil records exist..

Question 2

What is the order of origin?

Answer 2

Bryophytes (land plants)
Seedless vascular plants
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms..

Question 3

What do Bryophytes lack?

Answer 3

Since they are non-vascular (eg: lacking vascular tissue) they lack the xylem and phloem, primary water transport (and mineral) mechanism, which explains why they must live in either a wet/marshy environment..

Question 4

What are the 3 main traits of a land plant?

Answer 4

1) Haploid-diplontic life cycle
2) Oogamy
3) Apical Meristem

Question 5

What is a sporophyte?

Answer 5

Produces spores through meiosis 
is multicellular (diploid phase)
derived and grows from the zygote (1st sporophyte cell from mitosis)
diploid :) (2N)
double set of chromo

Question 6

What is the sporangia?

Answer 6

spore-producing structure found in the sporophyte!

spores are haploid!

Question 7

What is the gametophyte?

Answer 7

gametes

Question 8

Bryophyte life cycle?

Answer 8

1) The sperm and egg form a zygote via mitosis and the zygote will go through fertilization to form the sporophyte
2) The sporophyte will go through meiosis to form the spores in the sporangium (spore producing structure)
3) spores (now N- haploid) will become gametes being either 1) an egg or 2) sperm ..eggs are produced in the archegonia and sperms are produced in the antheridia via mitosis…
4) egg and sperm will unite together when the sperm is splashed on the archegonia head via water and form zygote and process is started again.after zygote fertilizes into the sporophyte

Question 9

Bryophyte life cycle?

Answer 9

1) The sperm and egg form a zygote via mitosis and the zygote will go through fertilization to form the sporophyte
2) The sporophyte will go through meiosis to form the spores in the sporangium (spore producing structure)
3) spores (now N- haploid) will become gametes being either 1) an egg or 2) sperm ..eggs are produced in the archegonia and sperms are produced in the antheridia via mitosis…
4) egg and sperm will unite together when the sperm is splashed on the archegonia head via water and form zygote and process is started again.after zygote fertilizes into the sporophyte

Question 10

What are the apical meristems?

Answer 10

Localized regions of growth that give rise to the S.A.M and R.A.M
provide new tissue by mitosis

Question 11

What is syngamy?

Answer 11

A form of sexual reproduction where a large non motile gamete is produced – egg (in archegonium)
the sperm are smaller than the egg and compete over fertilization
zygote is kept in the archegonium because the egg is non motile - will receive nutrients from parent –and will later divide by mitosis to become a multicellular organism (sporophyte)

Question 12

What is the difference between the S.A.M and R.A.M?

Answer 12

shoot gives rise to stem - primary growth

root gives rise to the root cap and supporting roots - primary growth..

Question 13

What are the defining characteristics of bryophytes?

Answer 13

1) adapted to wet lands
2) sporophyte is dependent on gametophyte for nutrition and is short lived…
3) no xylem or phloem
4) NO ROOTS - cannot pick moisture
5) no leaves
6) dominant gametophyte phase (bryo got game)