Bacteria Flashcards by Cherylene Abalos

Endocarditis

Streptococcus (viridans)
S. aureus
S. epidermidis- usually foreign body

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Ludwig’s angina

Infection of sublingual and submandibular spaces especially with base of tongue swelling

Starts w dental infection.

Oral anaerobes

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Lemiere’s syndrome

Posterior compartment of lateral pharyngeal space w suppurative thrombopglebitis of IJ vein. Shows right sided septic emboli to lung.

Fusobacterium necrophorum

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Most common causes of neonatal meningitis

Group B strep
E. coli
Listeria

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1 cause of contaminated blood cultures

Staph epidermidis

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Endocarditis with a prosthetic heart valve

Staph epidermidis if within 60 days of replacement

Viridans streptococci after 60 days of replacement

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Honeymoon cystitis

Staph saprphyticus

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Acute Rheumatic Fever

Strep pyrogenes

Major:

Migratory arthritis
Carditis and valvulitis
CNS- sydenham chorea
Erythema marginatum
Subcutaneous nodules

Minor

Arthralgias
Fever
Acute phase reactant elevation
Prolonged PR interval

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Scarlet fever

strep pyrogenes

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1 cause of bacterial pharyngitis

strep pyrogenes

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Direct invasion of strep pyrogenes

Pharyngitis
Skin infection
Scarlet fever
Toxic shock

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Strep pneumo clinical presentation

Meningitis
Otitis media
Pneumonia
Sinusitis

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Renshaw cells

C. tetani

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Treatment of c. diff

ORAL vancomycin

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Gram + with endotoxin

Listeria

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Propioniba

terium acnes

Anaerobic slow growing gram + rod
Found on normal human skin and mucosal surface flor
Painful, but not necessarily inflammatory on an aspiration of a suspected joint
-Acne in teens
-Surgical wounds
-Invasive deep infection with implantable devices

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Bacteria that act like fungi

Nocardia and actinomyces

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Sulfur granules and sinus tracts

Actinomyces

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Gram - coffee bean diplococci

Neisseria

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Arthritis of N. gonorrhoeae

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Presents with triad of

Dermatitis
Tenosynovitis
Migratory polyarthalgia

Most common causes of meningitis 6-60 yrs old

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N. meningitidis
Enterovirus
S. pneumoniae

Meningococcemia with petechia rash

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

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N. meningitidis

Most common cause of nosocomial respiratory tract infections

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Klebsiella pneumoniae

Inducible beta lactamases

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Enterobacter

Causes lower respiratory tract, urinary tract, and intra-abdominal infections and wound

Nosocomia outbreaks with colonization of surgical equipment

Poultry, eggs, reptiles

Salmonella

Enteric fever

Salmonella 1. Typhoid fever: 6-30 day incubation. Fever, abdominal pain, hepatosplenomegaly, rose spots, bacteremia 2. Chronic carrier - Typhoid Mary 3. Gastroenteritis 4. Sepsis 5. Osteomyelitis in a sickle cell patient

Capsular Vi | Rose spots

Salmonella

HUS

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome | anemia, thrombocytopenia, and urema (renal failure)

Y pestis types of plagues

1. Bulbonic plague: produces a bubu- swollen, painful lymph node 2. Septicemic plague: toxins cause DIC with bleeding into the skin and other organs, usually fatal 3. Pneumonic plague: contaminated respiratory droplets expelled by infected persons are directly inhaled by another person. Greater mortality than bulbonic

F1 antigen and V & W antigens

Y. pestis

Age group presentations of Y. entercolitica

1-4 year olds: bloody diarrhea Teens: bloody diarrhea + appendicitis like pain (mesenteric adenitis) Adults: bloody diarrhea + arthritis

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Campylobacter jejuni

Curved gram negative rods

Campylobacter jejuni Vibrio cholerae (comma) Helicobacter pylori

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Salt requiring. Associated with raw seafood consumption. Toxin like cholergan GI illness within 24 hours of ingestion. Diarrhea with fever.

Vibrio vulnificans

Gulf up east coast - Oysters and 10% of crabs - Soft tissue infections rapid within 24-72 hours to necrosis after ingestions - Sepsis fatal within 48 hours

Treatment for H. pylori

clarithromycin triple therapy or bismuth quadruple therapy

Oxidase + Gram - Non lactose fermenting rod

Pseudomonas

High pH urine and stone

Proteus mirabilis

Stages of pertussis

Catarrhal stage: flulike symtoms, highly contagious Paroxysmal stage: intermittent bouts of many coughs on a single expiration followed by whooping inspiration Covalescent phase: encephalopathy, seizures, pneumonia

Most common cause of bacterial meningitis in kids 6mon-2yrs

Haemophilus influenzae type B

Pontiac fever and Legionnarie's disease

Legionella pneumophilia

Tularemias

Francisella tularensis

Moraxella catarrhalis

Gram - diplococci Common cold, otitis media beta lactamase

Gardnerella vaginalis

Gram variable/(+) - Seen with bacterial vaginosis - Clue cells and fishy odor RX: metronidazole or clindamycin to kill anaerobic bacteria overgrowth

BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin) vaccine

Cord factors

Of TB, inactivates mitochrondrial membranes of phagocytes allowing organisms to survive and multiply in phagocytes

Types of infections of TB

Primary infection: Uninfected macrophages wall off and destroy infected macrophages. Form caseous granulomas. GHON complex. Granulomatous response, usually asymptomatic and self-limiting. Secondary infection: Reactivation of old walled off lesions. Macrophages respond and form large caseous granulomas Miliary infection: When tubercle erodes into blood vessel

Hutchinson triad

Of congenital syphilis - interstitial keratitis, - noticed incisors - sensorineural hearing loss

Bacteria Flashcards

(48 cards)