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Bacteria Flashcards

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1
Q

Catarrhal phase time and symptoms of B. pertussis

A

1-2 wks

Rhinorrhea, malaise, sneezing, anorexia

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2
Q

Paroxysmal phase time and symptoms of B. pertussis

A

2-4 wks

Repetitive cough with whoops, vomiting, leukocytosis

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3
Q

Convalescent phase time and symptoms of B. pertussis

A

3-4 wks

Diminished paroxysmal cough, development of secondary complication (pneumonia, seizure, encephalopathy)

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4
Q

Incubation phase time and symptoms of B. pertussis

A

7-10 days

No symptoms

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5
Q

Pharyngitis due to S. pyogenes symptoms

A
  1. Abrupt onset of Sore throat, fever, malaise, and headache
  2. Tonsillar abscesses
  3. Tender Anterior Cervical LN
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6
Q

Oligate anaerobes organisms

A
  1. Actinomyces
  2. Bacteroides
  3. Clostridum
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7
Q

Action of B. pertussis toxins

A
  1. Adenylate cyclase toxin: impairs leukocyte chemotaxis causes local edema
  2. Tracheal cytotoxin: interferes with ciliary action, kills ciliated cells
  3. Pertussis toxin: ADP riboxylation of Gi
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8
Q

Rickettsia features

A

Aerobic, gram- bacilli that are too small to stain

Obligate intracellular (do not make enough ATP)

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9
Q

S. agalactiae treatment

A

Amilcillin with AG or Cephalosporin

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10
Q

Otitis media and sinusitis due to S. pneumoniae treatment

A

Amoxicillin, erythromycin

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11
Q

Clostridium perfringens distinguishing features

A
  • Anaerobic: Stormy fermentation in milk media
  • Double zone of hemolysis
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12
Q

Actinomyces israelii distinguishing features

A

Anaerobic

Branching rods

Non-acid fast

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13
Q

Pasteurella multocida transmission

A

Animal bite

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14
Q

Mycoplasma pathogenesis

A
  1. Attaches to Resp epithelium via P1 protein
  2. Inhibits ciliary action
  3. Produces hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radicals and cytolytic enzymes that damage resp epith
  4. Acts as a Superantigen
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15
Q

mycobacterium tuberculosis distinguishing features

A
  1. Auramine-rhodamine staining bacilli (fluorescent apple green)
  2. Acid fast
  3. Aerobic
  4. Produces Niacin
  5. Produces a heat-sensitive catalase
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16
Q

H. ducreyi treatment

A

Azithromycin

Ceftriaxone

Ciprofloxacin

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17
Q

Endospores are found in

A

Bacillus

Clostridium

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18
Q

Stage 3 lyme disease

A
  1. Bell palsy
  2. Headache
  3. meningitis
  4. conjunctivitis
  5. palpitations
  6. arrhythmias
  7. myocarditis
  8. pericarditis
  9. Arthritis
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19
Q

Lyme disease caused by

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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20
Q

What causes dirty gray pseudomembrane on oropharynx?

A

C. diphtheriae

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21
Q

Toxins that Increase cAMP

A

C: Cholera

A: Anthrax

Σ: E. coli

P: Pertussis

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22
Q

Microaerophilic organisms

A
  1. Campylobacter
  2. Helicobacter
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23
Q

Biggest contrast between N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae

A
  1. Capsule
  2. Respiratory port of entry
  3. Maltose fermentation
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24
Q

S. pneumoniae pathogenesis

A
  1. Capsule: virulence factor
  2. IgA protease
  3. Teichoic acid
  4. Pneumolysin O: hemolysin/cytolysin
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25
Pathogenesis of E. coli causing neonatl septicemia/meningitis
Casule- **K1 serotype**
26
S. saprophyticus chx
1. Catalase + 2. **γ**-Hemolysis 3. **Novobiocin R**
27
S. epidermidis chx
1. Catalase + 2. **γ-**Hemolysis 3. **Novobiocin S**
28
All strep are
Catalase and Coagulase negative
29
Walking pneumonia
Caused by **Mycoplasma** **Pharyngitis** May develop into **atypical** **pneumonia** with persistent hack
30
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
1. Caused by Rickettsia rickettsii 2. Hadache, fever 3. Rash that starts on ankles and writs and then spreads to trunk, palms, soles and face 4. Ankle and wrist swelling
31
Typhoid fever
1. Caused by **Salmonella** **typhi** 2. Infection begins in **ileocecal** **region** 3. Travel via **mesenteric** **LN** and blood 4. Replicates in **macrophage** 5. If untreated causes necrosis of **Peyer** **patches**
32
Bubonic plague
1. Caused by Yersinia pestis 2. Rapidly increasing fever 3. Regional buboes 4. Conjunctivitis
33
Listeria and renal transplant
Causes adult Meningitis
34
H. influenzae treatment
Cefotaxime or ceftriaxone
35
Adult meningitis due to S. pneumoniae treatment
Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime
36
Legionella grows on what medium?
Charcoal-yeast extract (S)
37
Neisseria (from normal sterile sites) and Haemophilus grow on what medium?
Chocolage agar
38
Thayer-Martin medium is
Chocolate agar with Vacno, Nystatin and colistin to inhibit the normal flora
39
Mycoplasma needs what to grow?
1. Cholesterol 2. Purines 3. Pyrimidines
40
Bacillus anthracis treatment
Ciprofloxacin or doxycycline
41
Transmission of Mycoplasma
Close contact respiratory
42
Yersinia enterocolitica special feature
Cold growth
43
S. pneumoniae disease presentations
1. Community acquired pneumonia 2. Adult meningitis 3. **Otitis** **media** and **Sinusitis** in children
44
S. aureus contaminated foods
Custard pastries Potato salad Canned meat
45
Primary stage of Syphilis (Treponema pallidum) DX:
Dark-field or fluorescent micro
46
How do you Dx. Legionella
Direct fluorescent antibody on biopsy and Dieterle silver stain
47
Elek test
Document C. diphtheriae toxin production Toxin producing strains diffuse away from growth
48
Granulomatosis infantisepticum
Early-onset of neonatal listeria infection Disseminated granulomas with central necrosis
49
Organisms associated with animal bites
1. **Eikenella** **corrodens**: human causing Cellulitis 2. **Capnocytophaga** **canimorsus**: Dog causing Cellulitis 3. **Bartonella** **henselae**: Cats and dogs causing **Cat** **Scratch** **Fever**
50
Pathogenesis of Treponema pallidum
enarteritis resulting in lesions
51
Enteric bacteria grow on what medium?
1. Eosin mthylene blue (D) 2. MacConkeys (D)
52
TB pathogenesis
1. Facultative intracellular 2. **Sulfatides**: inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion 3. **Cord** **factor**: causes serpentine growth inhibiting leukocyte migration 4. **Tuberculin**: delayed HS and CMI: Granulomas
53
Stage 2 Lyme disease
1. Fatigue 2. Chills and fever 3. Headache 4. Muscle and joint pain 5. Swollen LN 6. Secondary annular skin lesion
54
Campylobacter jejuni transmission
Fecal-oral PRIMARILY from **Poultry**
55
How does B. pertussis attach to nasopharyngeal ciliated epithelial cells
1. Filamentous hemagglutinin 2. Pertussis toxin
56
Teichoic acid chx
* Found in G + only * Chemical of Cell wall * Immunogenic, induces **TNF-α** and **IL-1** * Used for Attachment
57
What needs cysteine to grow?
1. Francisella 2. Brucella 3. Legionella 4. Pasteurella
58
Bacillus cereus transmission
Fried rice
59
Confirm nontreponemal Ab screening test with
FTA-ABS
60
Outer membrane found in
G - only
61
Outer membrane found in
G - only
62
S. aureus chx
1. G+ Cocci 2. Catalase + 3. Coagulase + 4. **β Hemolysis** 5. Ferments **Mannitol** 6. Salt tolerant
63
Periplasmic splace chx
G- only Storage space housing **β-lactamases**
64
Diseases caused by C. perfreingens
Gas gangrene Food poisoning
65
Campylobacter jejuni disease
Gastroenteritis: 1. Blood and puss in diarrhea 2. Can lead to **Guillain**-**Barre** **syndrome** and **Reactive** **Arthritis**
66
Pseduomonas in burn patients
GI colonization =\> skin =\> colonization of eschar =\> cellulitis (blue green pus) =\> septicemia
67
H. pylori Dx:
Giemsa or Silver stain
68
Listeria chx
1. Gram + Rod 2. Aerobic growth 3. Exotoxin + 4. **Facultative intracellular** 5. Immuno Compromised hosts
69
Corynebacterium chx
1. Gram + Rod 2. Aerobic growth 3. Exotoxin +
70
Bacillus chx
1. Gram + Rod 2. Sopre + 3. Aeorbic Growth 4. Exotoxin +
71
Clostridium chx
1. Gram + rod 2. Spore + 3. Exotoxin +
72
Vibrio cholerae features
1. Gram- curved rod with polar flagella 2. Oxidase + 3. Growth on Alkaline 4. Shooting star motility
73
Haemophilus influenzae features
Gram- pleomorphic rod Requres factors X and V to growh
74
Yersinia pestis features
Gram- rod with bipolar staining Facultative intracellular Coagulase +
75
Klebsiella pneumoniae features
Gram- rod Capsule Lactose fermenting
76
Proteus features
Gram- rod Flagella/highly motile Non-lactose fermenting Urease positive
77
Shigella features
Gram- rod Non-lactose fermenter
78
Salmonella features
Gram- rod Non-lactose fermenter Motile
79
Pseudomonas general freatures
Gram- rods Oxidase positive Aerobic
80
Bordetella pertussis features
Gram- rods Strict Aerobes Encapsulated
81
Francisella tularensis features
1. Gram- small rod 2. Facultative **intracellular** 3. Found in many wild animals: **rabbits**, **deer**, and **rodents**
82
H. pylori features
1. Gram- spiral bacilli with Flagella 2. **Microaerophilic**: growis at 37.0oC 3. **Oxidase** positive 4. **Urase** positive
83
General features of Neisseria
Gram- Diplococci with flattened sides Oxidase postive
84
Corynebacterium diphtheriae distinguishing features
Gray-to-black colonies of **club-shaped** gram+ rods
85
S. pyogenes chx
1. Group A Strep 2. β-Hemolysis 3. **Bacitracin S** 4. **M protein** 5. PYR positive
86
S. agalactiae chx
1. **Group B Strep** 2. β-Hemolysis 3. **Bacitracin R** 4. **CAMP +**
87
Tertiary stage of Syphilis (Treponema pallidum) clinical
1. Gummas 2. Aortitis 3. CNS inflammation
88
Enteric pathogens grow on what medium?
1. Hektoen enteric agar (D) 2. Xylos-lysine-deoxycholate agar
89
Pseudomonas in adults causes
1. Hot tub folliculitis 2. Eye ulcers 3. Transient GI colonization: loose stools
90
Haemophilus ducreyi reservoir
Human genitals
91
Pathogenesis of S. pyogenes
1. **Hyaluronic acid**: non-immunogenic 2. **M-Protein**: Antiphagocytic, Associated with *acute glomerulonephritis*
92
Toxic Shock Syndrome clinical symptoms
Hypotension Scarlatiniform rash that desquamates on pams and soles
93
4 phases of B. pertussis
1. Incubation 2. Catarrhal 3. Paroxysmal 4. Convalescent
94
Chlamydia pathogenesis
Infection of **nonciliated** **columnar** or **cuboidal** **epithelial** cells of mucosal surfaces leads to **granulomatous** response and **damage**
95
S. aureus disease presentations
1. Infective **endocarditis** 2. Abscesses 3. TSS 4. Gastroenteritis (toxin A) 5. Lesions, **Pyoderma**, Impetigo 6. **Osteomyelitis**
96
Rickettsia rickettsii pathogenesis
Invade endothelial cells lining capillaries causing **vasculitis** in many organs including **brain**, **liver**, **skin**, **lungs**, **kidney**, and **GI**
97
Shigella pathogenesis
Invade M cells, replicates, and **polymerize** **actin** jet trails to go LATERALLY to other cells. Causeing shallow ulcers
98
Borrelia burgdorferi pathogenesis
Invades skin and spreads via the bloodstream to involve primarly the heart, joints, and CNS
99
Alpha toxin of C. perfringens action
1. Is a lecithinase 2. Disrupts membranes 3. Damages RBC, Platelets, WBC and Endothelial cells
100
CEEK
Lactose fermenters ## Footnote **C**itrobacter **E**nterobacter **E. Coli Klebsiella**
101
Borrelia burgdorferi features
Large spirochetes Gram- Found in white-footed mice and white-tailed deer
102
What form of M. leprae will you have a high # of organisms
Lepromatous (foam cells totally filled)
103
Vibrio cholerae grows on what medium
Likes Alkaline growth medium **TCBS** (Thiosulfate Citrate Bile salts Sucrose agar) (S)
104
Listeria pathogenesis
Listeriolysin O: rapid egress from phagogosome into cytoplasm
105
What is the primary target of Pseduomonas
Liver
106
Corynebacterium grows on what agar?
1. Löffler's coagulated serum (S) 2. Tellurite agar (D)
107
Mycobacterium grows on what medium?
Löwenstein-Jensen medium (S)
108
Outer membrane composition
1. **LPS**: Endotoxin 2. **Lipid A**: Toxic 3. **Polysaccharide**: Immunogenic
109
Bacterial pneumonia due to S. pneumoniae treatment
macrolides
110
Secondary stage of Syphilis (Treponema pallidum) clinical
1. Maculopapular (**copper-colored**) rash includes palms and soles 2. Patchy **alopecia** 3. **Condyloma** **lata**
111
Cardiolipin found in
Mammalian mitochondrial membrane and in treponemes
112
CSF profile with pt with S. pneumoniae meningitis
1. Many PMN 2. Decrease Glucose 3. Increase protein
113
Disease caused by H. influenzae
1. Meningitis 2. Otitis media 3. Bronchitis 4. Pneumonia 5. Epiglottitis
114
Mycoplasma pneumoniae features
Missing peptidoglycan (NO CELL WALL) Sterols in membrane "Fried-egg" colonies on **Eaton's media**
115
Oligate aerobe organisms
1. Mycobacterium 2. Pseudomonas 3. Bacillus
116
S. aureus treatment
**Nafcillin/oxacillin** DOC MRSA: **Vanco** VRSA: **-Pristin**
117
Three activities of Shag toxin
Neurotoxic Cytotoxic Enterotoxic
118
ShYPS
Non-lactose fermenters ## Footnote **Sh**igella (Nonmotile) **Y**ersina (Nonmotile) **P**roteus (Motile) **S**almonella (Motile)
119
Primary stage of Syphilis (*Treponema pallidum*) clinical
nontender chancre
120
Actinomyces israelii reservoir
Normal flora of gingival crevices and female genital tract
121
Enterobacteriaceae Antigens
* **O**: cell envelope * **H**: Flagellar antigen * **K**: capsular polysaccharide antigen * **Vi** (**virulence**): Salmonella capsular antigen
122
Chlamydia trachomatis features
1. Obligate intracellular 2. Has **Elementary** (*infective*) and **reticulate** (*metabolically active*) body 3. Cannot make own ATP 4. Cell wall lacks **muramic** **acid**
123
Community acquired pneumonia due to Klebsiella found with
Older males Pts of either Chronic lung disease, alcoholism, or diabetes
124
Non *typhi* Salmonella and sickle cell
Osteomyelitis
125
Pneumolysin O
1. Pathogenesis of S. pneumoniae 2. Damages respiratory epithelium 3. Inhibits leukocyte repiratory burst and inhibits classical complement fixation
126
Gardnerella Dx:
pH\>4.5 Clue cells (epithelial cells covered with bacteria)
127
Scarlet fever due to S. pyogenes symptoms
1. Pharangitis 2. **Sandpaper** rash (*palms and soles spared*) 3. Circumolar pallor 4. **Strawberry** **tongue** 5. Nausea/vomiting
128
S. pyogenes disease presentation
1. **Pharyngitis** 2. **Scarlet fever** 3. Pyoderma/impetigo 4. Suppurative Lesions 5. **Rheumatic** **fever** 6. Acute **glomerulonephritis**
129
S. pyogenes disease presentation
1. **Pharyngitis** 2. **Scarlet fever** 3. Pyoderma/impetigo 4. Suppurative Lesions 5. **Rheumatic** **fever** 6. Acute **glomerulonephritis**
130
N. gonorrhoeae pathogenesis
1. **Pili**: attachment, inhibits phagocytic uptake and has over 1 million **variants** 2. Outer Membrane Proteins: **IgA** **protease**
131
Pneumonia caused by S. aureus clinical symptoms
1. Productive with rapid onset 2. High rate of necrosis 3. High fatality 4. Salmon-colored sputum
132
C. diphtheriae diseases
1. Pseduomembrane on throat 2. **Bull neck** 3. **Myocarditits** 4. Cardiac dysfunciton 5. **Reccurent** **laryngeal** nerve palsy
133
What is used to Dx B. pertussis
Regan-Lowe or Bordet-Gengou
134
Microaerophilic chx
Require low but not full oxygen tension
135
Obligate aerobes chx
* Require Oxygen * No fermentative pathways * Generally produce **superoxide** **dismutase**
136
Cholera symptoms
Rice water stool Tremendous fluid loss Hypovolemic shock
137
N. meningitidis prophylaxis
Rifampin
138
Tuberculoid CMI
Srong CMI: Th1
139
Congenital Syphilis (Treponema pallidum) clinical
1. Stillbirth 2. Keratitis 3. 8th nerve damage 4. notched teeth 5. widespread desquamating maculopapular rash
140
Stage 1 lyme disease
Target rash
141
Neisseria from site with normal flora grows on what medium?
Thayer-Martin selective medium (S)
142
Treponema pallidum features
Thin spirochete Outer membrane has endotoxin-like lipds
143
Anaerobes grow on what medium
Thioglycolate
144
Transmission of Francisella tularensis
Tick bite: ulceroglandular disease Traumatic implantation: while skinning rabbits
145
C. difficile pathogenesis
* **Toxin A**: enterotoxin damaging mucosa leading to fluid increase and granulocyte attractant * **Toxin B**: cytotoxin: Cytopathic
146
Which form of M. leprae will you have lepromin skin test +
Tuberculoid
147
PITcH
Types of E. coli ## Footnote **P**ediatric: E**P**EC **I**nflammatory: E**I**EC **T**raveler: E**T**EC **c**oli **H**amburger: E**H**EC
148
Listeria reservoir
Unpasteruized milk products Cold Growth
149
How does Proteus cause kidney stones
Urease raises urine pH
150
Nagler reaction
Used to identifiy C. perfringens Egg yolk agar One side has Anti-α-toxin
151
Gardnerella symptoms
Vaginal odor, increase discharge (thin, gray fluid) Increase with increase vaginal pH
152
Examples of nontreponemal Ab screening test
Veneral disease research lab (**VDRL**) Rapid plasma reagin (**RPR**) Automated reagin test (**ART**) Recombinant antigen test (**ICE**)
153
Pseduomonas reservoir
Water
154
Lepromatous CMI
Weak CMI: Th2
155
Legionella general features
* Weak Gram- pleomorphic rod requiring **cysteine and iron** * Water organism * Facultative intracellular
156
Haemophilus needs what to grow?
1. X (protoporphyrin) 2. V (NAD)
157
Viridans chx
* α-Hemolytic * **Optochin R**
158
S. pneumoniae chx
* α-Hemolytic * **Optochin S** * Lysed by **bile**

Microbology (6 decks)

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