Bacteria and Archaea Flashcards
Prokaryotic estructure
It has several common shapes: spherical, rod-shaped, and spiral.
Gram-positive bacteria
With walls of peptidoglycan, veri thick.
Gram-negative bacteria
They consist of a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane resembling the plasma membrane.
Fimbriae and Pili
Hairlike appendages. Voth help cells adhere to one another or to certain other surfaces.
Cannulae and Hami
Hairlike appedages unique to archaea.
Bacterium flagella
They are different from eukaryotic flagella; each consists of a basal body, hook and filament. They produce a rotatory motion.
Genetic material of bacterium
Typically consists of a circular DNA molecule and one or more plasmids: smaller circular fragments of DNA.
Asexual reproduction methods
Binary fission, budding or fragmentation.
Transformation
A prokaryotic cell takes in foreing DNA released by another cell.
Transduction
A phage carries bacterial DNA from one bacterial cell into another.
Conjugation
A donor cell transfers plasmid DNA to a recipient cell.
Photoheterotrophs
They obtein carbon from other organisms but use chlorophyll and other photosynthetic pigments to trap energy from sunlight.
Facultative anaerobes
They metabolize anaerobically when necessary.
Archaea
Unlike those of bacteria, the cell walls of archaea do not have peptidoglycan.
Exotoxins
Products of bacteria that are released as product of their normal metabolism.
