Bacteria and Disease

Question 1

results of an undesirable relationship between the host and the pathogen, marked by interruption in the normal functioning of a body part or parts.

Answer 1

disease

Question 2

invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganism

Answer 2

infection

Question 3

prolonged and close interaction between organisms of different species

Answer 3

symbiosis

Question 4

a form of symbiosis in which both organisms benefit from the relationship

Answer 4

mutualism

Question 5

a form of symbiosis in which one organism benefits from another organism without causing harm to it

Answer 5

commensalism

Question 6

a form of symbiosis where one organism benefits from another organism and at the same time causes harm to the other

Answer 6

parasitism

Question 7

ability of an organism to produce disease

Answer 7

pathogenicity

Question 8

describes the degree of pathogenicity of an organism or the degree to which an organism can produce disease

Answer 8

virulence

Question 9

presence of unwanted materials where they should not be or at concentrations above the normal

Answer 9

contamination

Question 10

presence of contaminants that can cause adverse biological effects to humans and communities

Answer 10

pollution

Question 11

presence of bacteria in the blood

Answer 11

bacteremia

Question 12

presence of actively multiplying bacteria in blood, usually from a source of infection

Answer 12

septicemia

Question 13

presence of pus producing bacteria in the bloodstream

Answer 13

pyemia

Question 14

presence of viruses in the blood

Answer 14

viremia

Question 15

presence of toxins in the blood

Answer 15

toxemia

Question 16

a german physician who made a significant contributions to the field of microbiology

Answer 16

robert koch

Question 17

the development of an infectious disease is a consequence of the interaction among three components

Answer 17

the etiologic agent
the host
the environment

Question 18

serves as the continual source of disease producing microorganism, it is the site where an infectious agent normally resides and multiplies

Answer 18

reservoir

Question 19

certain infectious diseases can be transmitted from an animal to human

Answer 19

animal reservoir

Question 20

a number of pathogenic organisms have humans as their resorvoirs

Answer 20

human reservoirs

Question 21

water, soil, and plants can harbor infectious organism

Answer 21

environmental reservoirs

Question 22

it is the route of which an infectious agent exit its host

Answer 22

portal of exits

Question 23

infectious agents may be transmitted from the source to a susceptible host in several ways

Answer 23

mode of transmittion

Question 24

involves transmission through skin to skin contact, kissing, or sexual transmission

Answer 24

person to person contact

Question 25

patients with respiratory tract infection such as the common colds or influenza can transmit the causative agents during coughing and sneezing

Answer 25

droplet spread

Question 26

infectious agents may be transferred from an infected person to a susceptible host through dust or aerosols

Answer 26

airborne transmission

Question 27

refers to transmission of organisms through media such as food, water, milk, or biologic substances such as blood and body secretions

Answer 27

vechicle transmission

Question 28

usually are insects that can transmit an infectious agent

Answer 28

vector transmission

Question 29

the passive transport of the organism on the insects feet or other body parts

Answer 29

mechanical transmission

Question 30

the active transport of the organism

Answer 30

biological transmission

Question 31

it provides access tissues where the infectious agent can multiply

Answer 31

portal of entry

Question 32

are the integral components of the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria

Answer 32

endotoxins

Question 33

are intracellular products of some bacteria as part of their growth and metabolism and are released into the surrounding medium

Answer 33

exotoxins

Question 34

disease that is spread from one host to another, either directly or indirectly

Answer 34

communicable disease

Question 35

if the disease is easily and rapidly spread from one person to another

Answer 35

contagious disease

Question 36

if the infection results in the death of the patient over a short period of time

Answer 36

fulminant infection

Question 37

one that is not spread from one person to another. it is usually caused by organisms that normally inhabit the body and produce disease only occasionally or by the organisms that produce disease only when introduced into the body such as clostridium tetani

Answer 37

non communicable disease

Question 38

the source of the infectious agent is from outside the body

Answer 38

exogenous

Question 39

it is also considered as exogenous infections where the offending organisms was obtained from the hospital environment during the period of confinement of the patient in the hospital

Answer 39

nonsocomial

Question 40

is one where the source of the causative organism is from the inside of the body

Answer 40

endogenous

Question 41

a disease the occurs occasionally

Answer 41

sporadic disease

Question 42

the disease is constantly present in a population at the low levels

Answer 42

endemic disease

Question 43

if a great number of people in a given locality develop an infectious disease in a relatively short period of time

Answer 43

epidemic

Question 44

if a disease has a worldwide occurrence or involves at least three region of the world

Answer 44

pandemic

Question 45

develops rapidly but lasts for only a short period of time

Answer 45

acute disease

Question 46

if the disease develops more slowly and occurs for long period of time

Answer 46

chronic disease

Question 47

is one in which the causative organism remains inactive for a time but can become active again and produce symptoms of the disease

Answer 47

latent disease

Question 48

one in which the invading organism are limited to a relatively small area of the body

Answer 48

localized infection

Question 49

where the causative organism or their products are spread throughout the body through blood or lymph

Answer 49

systemic or generalized infection

Question 50

can arise from infections in areas such as teeth, tonsils, or sinuses

Answer 50

focal infection

Question 51

an acute infection that causes the initial illness

Answer 51

primary infection

Question 52

which is caused by opportunistic pathogens after the primary infection has weakened the body's defenses

Answer 52

secondary infection

Question 53

one that does not cause noticeable illness

Answer 53

subclinical or inapparent infection

Question 54

the time interval between entry of the offending agent and the appearance of the initial signs and symptoms of the disease

Answer 54

incubation period

Question 55

a relatively short period is characterised by early, mild symptoms of disease which are generally non specific

Answer 55

prodromal period

Question 56

corresponds to the period of maximal invasion, it is during this period that the disease is most acute

Answer 56

period of illness

Question 57

corresponds to what is known as the period of defervescence

Answer 57

period of decline

Question 58

this period is marked by the recovery of the patient from the disease

Answer 58

period of convalescence