bacteria and virus

Question 1

A prokaryote is a unicellular organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelle. The word prokaryote comes from the Greek πρό “before” and κάρυον “nut or kernel”.

Answer 1

Prokaryote

Question 2

A bacillus or bacilliform bacterium is a rod-shaped bacterium. Bacilli are found in many different taxonomic groups of bacteria. However, the name Bacillus, capitalized and italicized, refers to a specific genus of bacteria.

Answer 2

Bacilli

Question 3

A coccus is any bacterium that has a spherical, ovoid, or generally round shape. It is one of the three distinct bacterial shapes, the other two being bacillus and spiral-shaped cells.

Answer 3

Cocci

Question 4

Spirillum is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria in the family [Spirillaceae]] of the Nitrosomonadales of the Betaproteobacteria.

Answer 4

Spirilla

Question 5

‘Binary fission (“division in half”) is a kind of asexual reproduction. It is the most common form of reproduction in prokaryotes such as bacteria. This process occurs in some single-celled Eukaryotes like Amoeba and Paramecium.

Answer 5

Binary Fission

Question 6

An endospore is a dormant, tough, non-reproductive structure produced by a small number of bacteria from the Firmicute family. The primary function of most endospores is to ensure the survival of a bacterium through periods of environmental stress.

Answer 6

Endospore

Question 7

Nitrogen fixation is a process by which nitrogen in the Earth’s atmosphere is converted into ammonia or other molecules available to living organisms.

Answer 7

Nitrogen fixation

Question 8

the use of either naturally occurring or deliberately introduced microorganisms or other forms of life to consume and break down environmental pollutants, in order to clean up a polluted site.

Answer 8

Bioremediation

Question 9

Antibiotics, also called antibacterials, are a type of antimicrobial drug used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections. They may either kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria.

Answer 9

Antibiotic

Question 10

Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that can cause infection. Although most bacteria are harmless or often beneficial, some are pathogenic, with the number of species estimated as fewer than 100 that are seen to cause infectious diseases in humans.

Answer 10

Pathogenic bacteria

Question 11

A virus is a biological agent that reproduces inside the cells of living hosts. When infected by a virus, a host cell is forced to produce thousands of identical copies of the original virus at an extraordinary rate.

Answer 11

Virus

Question 12

an animal or plant on or in which a parasite or commensal organism lives.

Answer 12

Host