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Y Microbiology > Bacteria: Gram, biochem, important culture info, etc. (incomplete) > Flashcards

Bacteria: Gram, biochem, important culture info, etc. (incomplete) Flashcards

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1
Q

What syndrome named after some dudes can be caused by N. meningitidis?

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen. Hemorrhage of adrenal glands, associated with sepsis. Means you have to give glucocorticoids with the other treatment

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2
Q

Francisella tularensis:

Gram, morphology, relation to oxygen, WHO bioterror category, culture

A

Gram neg rods, aerobic, bioterror category A

Culture: Francis medium - glucose, cysteine, rabbit blood

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3
Q

Corynebacterium diptheria:

Gram, morphology, special media, in vivo and vitro tests, and vaccine

A 
Gram+ club-shaped rods
Loeffler media, Clauberg media are selective differential. Clauberg turns black to grey.
In vivo test Roemer plate
In vitro Elek test
Vaccine is Toxoid
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4
Q

What are the Gram negative non-fermenting rod genuses?

A

Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, Acinetobacter, Strenotrophomonas, Legionella

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5
Q

Haemophilus influenzae:

What is the most important type of it, and what does it cause?

A

B type, causes meningitis (it’s encapsulated - encapsulated bacteria can cause meningitis).

Has vaccine (HiB)

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6
Q

What type of vaccine is the one for Hemophilus influenzae B?

A

capsule antigen, conjugate vaccine (polysaccharide + protein)

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7
Q

Staphylococcus hemolyticus and hominis:

Gram, differentiating ATB, biochem

A

Gram +, novobiocin sensitive, catalase +, coagulase -

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8
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa:

Gram, morphology, relation to oxygen, capsule, motility

A

Gram neg non-fermenting rod, obligate aerob, no capsule, motile

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9
Q

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae:

Gram, morphology, motility, biochem

A

Gram+ rod, non-motile

Catalase neg

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10
Q

Streptococcus in general have what Gram and catalase result?

A

Gram +

Catalase -

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11
Q

Listeria monocytogenes:

Gram, morphology, relation to oxygen, relation to host cell, hemolysis, biochem tests

A

Gram+ rod, facultative anaerob, facultative intracellular, motile, beta hemolytic
Catalase +, CAMP+

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12
Q

What type of vaccine are the ones for Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

There’s an unconjugated one that triggers IgM, and another 13 valent conjugated to protein that allows IgG response (this from lecture, sketchy micro says its 7 valent, but the 13 valent is a newer conjugate vaccine)

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13
Q

Streptococcus viridans:

Gram, differentiating ATB, bile relation, hemolysis

A

Gram +, optochin resistant, bile resistant, alpha hemolysis

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14
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae:

Differentiating ATB, biochem

A

Bacitracin resistant, CAMP +

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15
Q

Bordatella pertussis:

Culture media, biochem

A

Charcoal or Bordet-Genou media (potato extract, sheep blood, and ATB’s against normal flora. B. pertussis -> mercury drop like appearance, no hemolysis)
Oxidase +, urease -

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16
Q

Burkholderia pseudomallei:
Gram, morphology, major disease association
prob dont need to know

A 
Gram neg rod
Causes melioidosis (endemic Glanders-like disease)
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17
Q

Trepenoma pallidum:

Gram, morphology, microscopy, cultivation, major disease

A

No gram staining, spirochaetales
Use dark field microscopy
Can’t cultivate normally, only done in rabbit testis
Causes syphillis

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18
Q

Haemophilus influenzae:

special culture media

A

Culture requires factor V (NAD) and factor X (hematin)
Chocolate agar (+ chopped meat + vancomysin to select out gram positives)
Blood agar has satellite phenomenon with staph aureus

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19
Q

Bordatella pertussis:

Gram, morphology, relation to oxygen

A

Gram neg, coccobacillus, aerobic

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20
Q

What is the major sign of infection by Haemophilus ducreyi?

A

ulcus molle / chancroid / soft chancre (STD genital ulcers)

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21
Q

Yersinia pestis:
Special stains, features
Biochem

Study These Flashcards
A

Giemsa stain
Wayson’s stain: bipolar, hairpin-like appearance
Biochem: lactose -, ONPG +, urease -, oxidase -

22
Q

Legionella pneumophila:

Gram, morphology, relation to oxygen

Study These Flashcards
A

Gram neg rod, aerobic

23
Q

Yersinia pestis:

Gram, morphology, WHO bioterror category,

Study These Flashcards
A

Gram neg rods, WHO bioterror category A

24
Q

What are the 3 spirochaetales genuses we need to know?

What is the Gram stain of spirochaetales?

Study These Flashcards
A

Trepenoma, Borrelia, Leptospira

All not Gram stained, very small bacteria

25
Peptostreptococci: | Relation to oxygen
Anaerobic
26
What is the major sign of Borrelia burgdorferi sunsu lato infection?
Erythema chronicum migrans (ECM) - bullseye rash of Lyme disease
27
What type of vaccine is the one for Neisseria meningitidis?
capsule antigen
28
Staphylococcus epidermidis: | Gram, biochemistry, differentiating ATB
Gram+, catalase +, coag -, mannitol -, novobiocin sensitive
29
Enterococcus faecalis and faecium: | Gram, important biochem factors, blood agar culture morphology
Gram +, bile resistant Biochem: esculin (polysaccharide) hydrolysis Blood agar: makes grayish/greenish colonies, gamma hemolytic
30
What stain to use for Neisseria gonorrhoae? | What biochem test distinguishes it from meningitidis?
Use methylene blue to find kidney-shaped diplococci in PMN's | It's maltose -, while meningitis is maltose +
31
What is the major disease of Haemophilus aegyptius?
Brazilian Puerpuric Fever
32
Burkholderia mallei: | Gram, morphology, major disease association
``` Gram neg rod causes Glanders (get it from horses) ```
33
Trepenoma pallidum: | Serology, phases of disease, major problem with treatment
Serology: nonspecific use of cardiolipin antigen via VDRL or RPR (may show false positive with SLE, RA, etc.) or specific with TPHA screen Phases: Syphillis I, II, Latency, III Treatment: may lead to Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction when dead bacterial endotoxin stimulates major cytokine response
34
Lactobacillus species: | Gram, morphology, relation to oxygen, spores, special medium
Gram pos rod/pleomorphic, facultative anaerob or microaerophilic, non-sporeforming Use Rogosa medim
35
What type of vaccine is the one for Streptococcus pneumoniae?
capsule antigen
36
Staphylococcus aureus: | Gram, morphology, relation to oxygen, hemolysis, colony formation, biochem
Gram+ cocci, facultative anaerob. Beta hemolysis. Agar: circular, golden-yellow colones with non-diffusible pigment. Catalase +, coagulase +, mannitol +
37
Staphylococcus saprophyticus: | Gram, differentiating ATB, biochem
Gram +, novobiocin resistant, urease +, catalase +, coagulase -
38
Which streptococci are in Lancefield A, B, and D categories?
A: pyogenes B: agalactiae D: enterococcus
39
Which streptococci have alpha, beta, and gamma hemolysis?
Alpha: S. pneumoniae Beta: S. pyogenes, agalactiae Gamma: lactis, enterococci
40
Both important Neisseria species: | Gram, morphology, biochem, culture media
Gram - diplococci, oxidase +, glucose +, chocolate agar / Thayer Martin
41
Streptococcus pyogenes: | capsule, differentiating ATB
Capsule of Hyaluronic Acid (evades detection because humans have HA normally) Bacitracin sensitive
42
Streptococcus pneumoniae: | Gram, morphology, bile relation, hemolysis, differentiating ATB, capsule, Lancefield, special stain
Gram +, "lancet-shaped" diplococci, bile sensitive Alpha hemolytic, optochin sensitive, polysaccharide capsule - no Lancefield category Quellung reaction is special stain technique that increases reactivity
43
What type of vaccine is the one for Clostridium tetani?
toxoid
44
Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Culture media Biochem
Grows on many culture media EMB: lactose negative Blood agar: beta hemolysis around smooth, round, mucoid colonies.. see red, black, green, or blue from pyorubin, pyomelanin, pyoverdin, or pyocyanin Oxidase +
45
Haemophilus influenzae: | Gram, morphology, relation to oxygen, biochem
Gram neg coccobacillus, facultative anaerob. | Catalase -, oxidase -, urease +
46
Brucella species: | Gram, morphology, WHO bioterror category
Gram neg coccobacilli | WHO bioterror Category B
47
What are some major diseases are caused by Streptococcus pyogenes? (only 4 listed, and they're not post-streptococcal)
Scarlet fever (via Erythrogen Toxin) Toxic Shock Syndrome Puerperal fever Necrotizing fasciitis
48
Legionella pneumophila: | Staining, culture media, biochem
Needs silver nitrate impregnation, Gram doesn't work well BCYE culture: buffered charcoal yeast extract, also has cysteine. Biochem: catalase +, oxidase +, hydrolyzes hippourate
49
What type of vaccine is the one for Bordetella pertussis?
acellular + toxoid
50
Which are the (medically important) aerobic pyogenic gram negative cocci?
Neisseria gonorrheae and meningitidis | Moraxella catarrhalis

Y Microbiology (9 decks)

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