Bacteria Report

Question 1

Single celled microbes

Answer 1

Bacteria

Question 2

The cell structure is simpler than the other organism as there is no nucleus or membrane bound organelles.

Answer 2

Bacteria

Question 3

Some bacteria have an extra circle of genetic material.

Answer 3

Plasmid

Question 4

Often contains genes that give bacterium some advantage over other bacteria. For example, it may contain a gene that makes the bacterium resistant to a certain antibiotic.

Answer 4

Plasmid

Question 5

These are dormant structures, which are extremely resistant to hostile physical and chemical conditions such as heat, UV radiation and disinfectants.

Answer 5

Endospores

Question 6

Producing bacteria are nasty pathogen. Cause of anthrax

Answer 6

Bacillus Anthracis

Question 7

Caused by a pathogenic infection of the lungs and may present as a primary disease process or as the final, fatal disorder primarily in an individual who is already debilitated.

Answer 7

Bacterial Pneumonia

Question 8

Typically can enter the lung with inhalation, through they can reach the lung through the bloodstream if other parts of the body are infected.

Answer 8

Bacteria and Fungi

Question 9

Rust colored sputum

Answer 9

Streptococcus Pneumoniae

Question 10

May produce green sputum

Answer 10

Pseudomonas, Haemophilus and pneumococcal species

Question 11

Red currant jelly sputum

Answer 11

Klebsiella Species Sputum

Question 12

Often produce foul smelling or bad tasting sputum

Answer 12

Anaerobic Infections

Question 13

Signs of bacterial pneumonia

Answer 13

Hyperthermia
Tachypnea
Use of accessory respiratory muscles
Tachycardia
Central Cyanosis
Altered mental status

Question 14

The mainstay of treatment of bacterial pneumonia

Answer 14

Antibiotic Therapy

Question 15

May be employed as a means of noninvasive ventilation in patients with hypercarbia

Answer 15

Bi-level positive airway pressure

Question 16

Mainly grow in the lungs, but they can infect other parts of the body.

Answer 16

Tuberculosis

Question 17

Bacterial infection that can pass through the air between people.

Answer 17

Tuberculosis

Question 18

When it affects the lungs, the medical name for this is ____________.

Answer 18

Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Question 19

Advance form of the disease that develops when the bacteria spread through the bloodstream to infect organs beyond the lungs.

Answer 19

Miliary TB

Question 20

Granulomatous infection that is chiefly transmitted through droplets.

Answer 20

Tuberculosis

Question 21

Remains the primary tool for the laboratory diagnosis for tuberculosis.

Answer 21

Sputum Smear Microscopy

Question 22

It requires simple laboratory facilities, and when performed correctly, has a role in rapidly identifying infectious cases.

Answer 22

Sputum Smear Microscopy

Question 23

Treatment for Tuberculosis

Answer 23

Isoniazid Rifampin Pyrazinamide Either ethambutol or Streptomycin

Question 24

A respiratory tract infection characterized by a paroxysmal cough.

Answer 24

Pertussis (Whooping cough)

Question 25

The most common causative organism, though has also been associated with this condition in humans.

Answer 25

Bordetella Pertussis

Question 26

Gram negative coccobacillus that adheres to ciliated respiratory epithelial cells.

Answer 26

Bordetella

Question 27

``` Nasal Congestion Rhinorrhea Sneezing Low grade fever Tearing Conjunctival Suffusion ```

Answer 27

Stage 1 - Catarrhal Phase

Question 28

Paroxysms of intense coughing lasting up to several minutes, occassionally followed by a loud whoop. Posttussive vomiting and turning red with coughing.

Answer 28

Stage 2 - Paroxysmal Phase

Question 29

Chronic cough, which may last for weeks.

Answer 29

Stage 3 - Convalescent Stage

Question 30

Best done from nasopharyngeal specimens collected during the first 2 weeks of cough when viable bacteria are still present in the nasopharynx.

Answer 30

Culture

Question 31

Have high specificity, they particularly useful in confirming the pertussis diagnosis when outbreak is suspected.

Answer 31

Culture

Question 32

Rapid test with excellent sensitivity; however, test can vary in specificity. It is therefore recommended to obtain culture confirmation for at least one case for any suspicion of a pertussis outbreak.

Answer 32

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Question 33

For high concentrations of antibodies against the pertussis toxin or other components of Bordetella pertussis.

Answer 33

Serology Tests

Question 34

More useful among patients who do not seek medical care until several weeks into the illness.

Answer 34

Serology Tests

Question 35

Have developed a serologic assay that has been extremely useful confirming pertussis diagnosis, especially during suspected outbreaks.

Answer 35

CDC and FDA

Question 36

An ear infection is an infection of the middle ear, the air filled space behind the eardrum that contains the tiny vibrating bones of the ear.

Answer 36

Otitis Media

Question 37

Presents with thick, amber-colored fluid in the middle ear space and a retracted tympanic membrane on otoscopic examination.

Answer 37

Chronic Serous Otitis Media

Question 38

A painful type of ear infection. It occurs when the area behind the eardrum called the middle ear becomes inflamed and infected.

Answer 38

Acute otitis media

Question 39

Associated with multiple systemic diseases and congenital syndromes.

Answer 39

Otitis Media

Question 40

Should be provided when necessary, including to pre-verbal children with behavioral manifestation of pain.

Answer 40

Analgesia

Question 41

Oral analgesics, are usually effective; weight-based doses are used for children.

Answer 41

Acetaminophen or Ibuprofen

Question 42

Relieve symptoms quicker and may reduce the chance of residual hearing loss and labrythine or intracranial sequelae.

Answer 42

Antibiotics

Question 43

May be done for a bulging tympanic membrane, particularly if severe or persistent pain, fever, vomiting, or diarrhea is present.

Answer 43

Myringotomy

Question 44

An exotoxin mediated disease that occurs most often in association with a sore throat and rarely with impetigo or other streptococcal infections.

Answer 44

Scarlet Fever

Question 45

It is characterized by sore throat, fever, a strawberry tongue, and a fine sandpaper rash over the upper body that may spread to cover almost the entire body.

Answer 45

Scarlet fever

Question 46

Rash looks like a sunburn and feels like a sandpaper. It typically begins on the face or neck and spreads to the trunk, arms and legs. If pressure is applied to the reddened skin, it will turn pale.

Answer 46

Red rash

Question 47

The folds of skin around the groin, armpits, elbows, knees and neck usually become deeper red than the surrounding rash.

Answer 47

Red lines

Question 48

Treatment for scarlet fever

Answer 48

Antibiotic Therapy