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Micro EXAM > Parasites Report > Flashcards

Parasites Report Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

Organism that lives on or in a host organism and gets its food from or at the expense of its host.

A

PARASITE

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2
Q

Microscopic, once celled organisms that can be free living or parasitic in nature.

A

Protozoa

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3
Q

They are able to multiply in humans, which contributes to their survivals and also permits serious infections to develop from just a single organism.

A

Protozoa

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4
Q

Derived from the Greek word from worms that are human parasites.

A

Helminths

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5
Q

Large multicellular organisms that are generally visible to the naked eye in their adult stages.

A

Helminths

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6
Q

Blood sucking arthropods such as mosquitoes (because they are dependent on a blood meal from a human host for their survival.

A

Ectoparasites

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7
Q

Some organisms such as ticks, fleas, lice, and mites attach or burrow into the skin and remain there for relatively long periods of time.

A

Ectoparaties

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8
Q

Certain species of parasites can even sexually reproduce with other species via process called _______.

A

Hybridization

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9
Q

Can infect a wider range of hosts, as a result of a bovine- infecting species mating with a human infecting species.

A

Schistosome Flatworms

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10
Q

This is caused by Pneumocystis Jiroveci (previously known as pneumocystis carinii) a ubiquitous pathogen, which particularly affects immunocompromised subjects.

A

Pneumocystis

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11
Q

Pneumocystis exists in two forms:

A

Trophozoites and Cysts

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12
Q

The parasite preferentially affects infants, especially premature babies where it causes polypnoea and a cough with cyanosis and can even lead to respiratory distress.

A

Pneumocystis Jiroveci

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13
Q

Affects adults, particularly those suffering from AIDS and causes respiratory distress. and fever.

A

Pneumocystis

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14
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Pneumocystis

A 
Fever
Dry cough or wheezing
Shortness of breath
Fatigue
Chest pain or tightness when you breath
Chills
Weight loss
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15
Q

Xray show opaque areas on the lungs thats extend up to but not including the apices of the lungs.

A

Frostedglass

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16
Q

Treatment for Pneumocystis

A 
Thoprine Trimethylsulfameoxazole (Bactrim)
Pentamidine
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17
Q

Used in HIV patients with less than 200 CD4/mm3, through 1 tablet a day of Bactrim.

A

Prophylaxis

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18
Q

Cause of hydatid cysts in dogs, sheep and humans.

A

Pulmonary Hydatid Cysts

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19
Q

It is present in countries breeding livestock (including South America, Australia, New Zealand, North Africa and in France- in Landes and Corsica)

A

Pulmonary Hydatid Cysts

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20
Q

Dog faeces in the grass are ingested by sheep, which in turn die and are consumed by dogs.

A

Pulmonary Hydatid Cysts

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21
Q

Humans are contaminated when they eat raw vegetables from gardens contaminated with dog faeces.

A

Pulmonary Hydatid Cysts

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22
Q

The parasites develops in humans in the form of larvae in the liver and possibly the lungs as well as other organs creating and abdominal mass, which is for a long time asymptomatic.

A

Echinococcus Granulosus or Taenia

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23
Q

Then is then followed by discomfort in the chest and a cough and sometimes haemoptysis.

A

Echinococcus Granulosus or Taenia

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24
Q

Asymptomatic and patients may remain asymptomatic for years, during which time lung lesions may be discovered incidentally on chest X-ray.

A

Primary Infection (Pulmonary Hydatid Cysts)

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25
May cause symptoms by compression of adjacent structures, and lung cysts may present with chest pain cough haemoptysis or pneumothorax.
Cysts (Pulmonary Hydatid Cysts)
26
May also occur if antigenic material is released from the cyst, causing a hypersensitivity reaction with fever, wheeze, and urticarial and rarely anaphylaxis.
Symptoms (Pulmonary Hydatid Cysts)
27
May become secondarily infected causing empyema or lung abscess formation.
Cysts (Pulmonary Hydatid Cysts)
28
The lower lobes, posterior lung segments and the right lung are affected most frequently.
Pulmonary Hydatid Cysts
29
Chest may reveal further diagnostic features including collapse of the laminated membrane from the surrounding host tissue, the presence of daughter cysts and the presence of cyst rupture.
CT scan of the chest
30
May develop following the rupture of a pulmonary cyst into the pleural space.
Pleural effusion or hydro pneumothorax
31
May be found in no more than 50% cases. A substantial rise in eosinophil count is often associated with a leakage of antigenic material from cyst.
Peripheral blood eosinophil
32
Support the initial diagnosis are available at reference laboratories but are less sensitive for the diagnosis of lung disease than for hepatic disease.
Serological Test
33
May be used to monitor the immunoligical response to treatment.
Serological Test
34
Treatment for Pulmonary Hydatid Cysts. Treatment is surgical. Must be prescribed over a period of a few years, treatment stops whenthe serology test result is negative.
ZENTEL
35
Caused by Ascaris Lumbricoides, the round worm.
Ascariasis
36
It is common worldwide in areas with poor sanitation where there is faecal contamination of soil or food.
Ascariasis
37
Pinkish white parasite of 10 - 20cm long, and is an intestinal nematode that can enter into the lungs.
Ascaris Lumbricoides
38
Human can be infested by eating raw vegetables contaminated with _______ _____: these can pass into the stomach then the larvae pass on the liver.
Ascaris eggs
39
Caused by larval migration into the alveoli which triggers an allergic response leading to the respiratory symptoms including cough, wheeze, dyspnea, chest pain, fever and haemoptyis.
Loeffler's Syndrome
40
Has been associated with ascariasis of the lung.
Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia
41
Treatment of Ascariasis
Flubendazole or Albendazole
42
Diagnosis relies on identifying ___________ in the full blood count.
Hypereosinophilia
43
Parasitology investigations showing Ascaris eggs
Stool Samples
44
Usually caused by the dog roundworm
Human toxocariasis
45
Commonly infects juvenile dogs and has worldwide distributions.
Toxocara Canis
46
Usual host : DOGS
Toxocara Canis
47
Usual host: Cats
Toxocara Cati
48
Can accidentally be ingested by humans when eating raw vegetables contaminated with feces, contaminated sand or when kissing dogs and cats.
Toxocariasis
49
This infection is responsible for _____________ accomapanied by hepato splenomegaly, fever and possily pulmonary disease if the parasite enters the lungs.
Visceral Larva Migrans
50
Features may include transient localised changes or widespreas patchy areas of considalitaion.
Radiological
51
Diagnosis for Toxocariasis
Serology Testing | Hyper eosinophilia
52
Treatment for Toxocariasis
Ivermectin
53
Visceral Larva Migrans
Albendazole
54
Caused by Amoeba Histolytica
Amoebiasis
55
A protozoan found worlwide.
Entamoeba Histolytica
56
Causative agent of invasive amoebiasis but is morphologically indistinguishable from a related but non- pathogenic sepcies, E dispar.
Entamoeba Histolytica
57
Endemic in regions with poor sanitation and poor socioeconomic conditions.
Entamoeba Histolytica
58
The parasite can reach the liver or the lungs, nevertheless the intestinal form may have been crude.
Intestinal Amoebiasis
59
Most common symptoms of Amoebiasis
Pain Cough Hemoptysis Dyspnea
60
Cough can be non- productive but more often is associated with expectoration of material ranging from small amounts of sputum to large amounts of ____________.
Amoebic Pus
61
Develops the patients may expectorate necrotic material that can include liver abscess contents, such material may have a reddish brown or "anchovy sauce" appearance.
Hepatobronchial Fistula
62
Always highly positive (not necessarily in the intestinal form).
Serology Testing
63
Treatment for Amoebiasis
Tinidazole (3-5 days) | Metronidazole ( 1-10 days)

Micro EXAM (5 decks)

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