Bacteria Vocab

Question 1

Respiration

Answer 1

O2 electron acceptor, electrons transported through chain of carriers
efficient generator of energy

Question 2

Fermentation

Answer 2

organic compounds (glucose) serve as electron donors and acceptors, energy generated by substrate level phosphorylation
inefficient, O2 not required

Question 3

Aerobic

Answer 3

requires oxygen, can’t ferment

Question 4

Anaerobic

Answer 4

killed by oxygen, ferments

Question 5

Chemiosmosis

Answer 5

Movement of ions down concentration gradient

Question 6

Internalin

Answer 6

Listeria - specific adhesin mediating attachment to and invasion of cells

Question 7

Pili

Answer 7

Mediate adherence to cells/tissues

Question 8

Flagella

Answer 8

Bacterial motility, made of flagellin, chemotaxis

Question 9

Plasminogen activator

Answer 9

Y. Pestis/Streptokinase

cleaves fibrin clots –> bacterial dissemination

Question 10

Fra1

Answer 10

antiphagocytic protein forming capsule around Y. Pestis

Question 11

SPE-A

Answer 11

superantigen, carried on phage
S. Pyogenes
Scarlet fever

Question 12

Capsule

Answer 12

Prevent phagocytosis
Prevent complement activation
Neisseria meningitis, haemophilis influenza, strep pneumo

Question 13

Transposon

Answer 13

Larger transposable elements that carry extraneous genes in addition to transposition
May encode antibiotic resistance or virulence determinants

Question 14

LPS

Answer 14

gram (-) bacteria
outer leaflet of outer membrane
lipid A, core polysaccharide, O antigen (serum-resistant)
endotoxin
-binds LPS binding protein, interacts with CD14, interacts with TLR4 and produces cytokines

Question 15

Endotoxin

Answer 15

LPS
Low conc.: fever, complement, B cells and macrophages
High conc.: septic shock, multiple organ failure

Question 16

Streptolysin S

Answer 16

Strep. Pyogenes

B hemolysis

Question 17

Listeriolysin O

Answer 17

Listeria in vacuole escapes through pore made by this

Question 18

ActA

Answer 18

Propels Listeria

Makes protrusions between cells to prevent it from being extracellular and being recognized by immune system

Question 19

Streptokinase

Answer 19

Strep. pyogenes
Opposite of coagulase
Lysis of fibrin clots for dissemination

Question 20

Type III Secretion

Answer 20

Directly inject bacterial proteins into cytoplasm of host cell

Question 21

Gram stain technique

Answer 21

Gram positive = violet
Gram negative = safranin
crystal violet, iodine, alcohol wash, (safranin)

Question 22

ADP-ribosyltransferase

Answer 22

transfers ADP ribose from NAD to host cell protein –> altered activity
-Pseudomonads Exotoxin A (EF-2), Diptheria Toxin (EF-2), Bordatella Pertussis Toxin, Heat labile of E. Coli

Question 23

Superantigen

Answer 23

Proteins that directly bind TCR and MHC II without processing
Activate multiple T cells at once
Uncontrolled release of cytokines

Question 24

Adenylate cyclase

Answer 24

Increase cAMP –> cell injury

• Bordatella Pertussis
• Diarrhea in E Coli

Question 25

Hemolysin

Answer 25

Causes lysis of RBC when bacteria grown on blood agar; subset for pore forming toxin

Question 26

Protease

Answer 26

Cleaves proteins (SPE B --> nectrotizing fascia in strep pyogenes)

Question 27

TSST-1

Answer 27

staph aureus, superantigen, tampon use

Question 28

Plasmid

Answer 28

extrachromosomal DNA, small circular molecules, replicate independently of host chromosome

Question 29

Lysogenic Phase

Answer 29

Phages: viruses that infect bacteria, bind to specific receptors and inject their DNA/RNA into bacteria Lysogenic infx: quiescent infection where bacteria grows and divides but passes phage onto progeny

Question 30

Anthrax toxin mechanism

Answer 30

3 proteins for A-B B: PA antigen to help bind A: EF (cAMP for edema), LF (MAP kinase)

Question 31

Botulinum toxin

Answer 31

Prevents release of excitatory NT acetylcholine at NMJ --> flaccid paralysis

Question 32

Tetanus toxin

Answer 32

Blocks release of GABA/glycine NT --> constant firing --> spastic paralysis

Question 33

Diptheria toxin

Answer 33

A/B toxin, blocks protein synthesis by ADP-ribosylating EF-2, induces cell lysis

Question 34

Pertussis toxin

Answer 34

A/B toxin, blocks inhibition of adenylate cyclase --> increased cAMP --> interference with signaling