Bacterial

Question 1

Actinomycosis
• Causative organism: (an anaerobic gram-positive rod)
Source of infection

Answer 1

Actinomyces israelii

is “endogenous,” e.g., oral flora

Question 2

Nocardia brasilensis,Actinomadura madurae, A. pelletieri, and Streptomyces somaliensis

Answer 2

Actinomycetoma Aerobic filamentous bacteria

“exogenous,” e.g., soil

Question 3

Anthrax
• Causative organism: Bacillus anthracis,
• gram-?
Primarily caused

Answer 3

-positive spore-forming rod

contact with infected wild or domestic animals, or their products (e.g., wool, goat, animal hides, bones, etc.)

Question 4

B. anthracis has two exotoxins:

• edema toxin and lethal toxin

Answer 4

– Edema toxin = Edema Factor (EF) + Protective Antigen(PA)
– Lethal toxin = Lethal Factor (LF) + PA
–

Question 5

Three clinical forms: anthrax

Answer 5

Inhalational, Gastrointestinal, and Cutaneous

•

Question 6

Anthrax Treatment:

Answer 6

1. ) Bioterrorism associated: Ciprofloxacin or Doxycycline

2. ) Conventional anthrax: Penicillin

Question 7

EF causes

increase

Answer 7

gelatinous edema

(cAMP) levels

Question 8

LF causes shock and death in disseminated anthrax via

Answer 8

the release of tumor necrosis

factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)

Question 9

PA is responsible for entry of exotoxins into the cell

Answer 9

receptor-mediated endocytosis.

antibodies to PA

Question 10

Bartonellosis

Type?

Answer 10

aerobic, gram-negative bacilli

Question 11

Cat-Scratch Disease
B. henselae
transmission
Resolutn

Answer 11

Cat flea-Ctenocephali-
des felis (from cat to cat only);
humans infected by catbite or scratch
Spontaneous resolutionin the majority of cases

Question 12

Bacillary Angiomatosis caused

Treat with

Answer 12

B. henselae
B. quintana

ErythromyciDoxycycline

Question 13

Trench Fever caused , vector, rx

queen of the trenches with the human body louse

Answer 13

B. quintana
Human body louse - Pediculus humanus corporis
Doxycycline Erythromycin

Question 14

Oroya Fever aka

Answer 14

(Carrion’s

Disease) Verruga Peruana

Question 15

Oroya Fever Chloramphenicol

Answer 15

(because of frequentsuperinfection with

Salmonella)

Question 16

Lyme Disease

Answer 16

B. burgdorferi

Question 17

Vector lyme

Damn the lyme

Answer 17

Ixodes dammini*
(Northeast U.S.)
Ixodes pacificus
(Western U.S.)
Ixodes ricinus
(Europe)

Question 18

Lyme clinical

Answer 18

Erythema Migrans
• Acrodermatitis
Chronica Atrophicans

Question 19

Lyme rx

Answer 19

Doxycycline 100 mgpo bid for 14-21 days
(Pregnancy, Children
<9: Amoxicillin)

Question 20

Relapsing clinical features

Answer 20

Paroxysmal	fevers
  (2 episodes)
•	Headache
•	Lymphocytoma
•	Mylagias
•	Erythematous	or			
  petechial macules on 
  trunk, and extremities

Question 21

Relapsing fever Louse-Borne

vs tick borne rx

Answer 21

Doxycycline 100 mg pox 1 dose vs
Doxycycline 100 mg po
bid for 7 days

Question 22

Relapsing fever- Louse-Borne

Tick-Borne

Answer 22

(Africa, South America)

(Western United
States)

Question 23

B. duttonii

B. hermsii

Answer 23

Tick-Borne Relapsing fever

Soft-bodied ticks

Question 24

B. recurrentis

Answer 24

Relapsing fever- Louse-Borne

Human body louse (Pediculus humanus)

Question 25

• Causative organisms: S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and Proteus species

Answer 25

Botryomycosis

Question 26

Botryomycosis | light microscopy

Answer 26

• Granular bodies

Question 27

Characteristic features: “Gunmetal gray,” infarcts with surrounding erythema Causative organism: – a gram-positive rod  • Typically occurs in handlers of contaminated raw fish or meat (e.g., fishermen, butchers) • Characteristic features: A tender, well-demarcated, violaceous lesion with raised margins and central clearing, typically on the hand or finger • Treatment: Penicillin

Answer 27

ecthyma Gangrenosum

Question 28

ecthyma Gangrenosum Causative organism: • Treatment:

Answer 28

Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia Intravenous

Question 29

Erysipelothrixw rhusiopathiae | at risk

Answer 29

contaminated raw fish or meat (e.g., fishermen, butchers)

Question 30

Erysipeloid treatment

Answer 30

•: Penicillin

Question 31

Glanders • Causative organism: • Disease caused by contact with

Answer 31

Burkholderia mallei | infected horses

Question 32

Glanders Characteristic features:

Answer 32

Ulcerated nodule with regional lymphadenopathy

Question 33

•Glanders Treatment:

Answer 33

Imipenem or doxycycline

Question 34

Neisseria meningitides at risk treatment

Answer 34

a gram-negative diplococcus young children and patients with complement deficiencies IV-Penicillin or ceftriaxone

Question 35

Pitted Keratolysis | • Causative organism:

Answer 35

Micrococcus sedentarius

Question 36

Rat-bite Fever (Haverhill Fever) • Causative organism: • Infection acquired from • Treatment:

Answer 36

Streptobacillus moniliformis rodents or contaminated food Penicillin

Question 37

Fever, arthralgias, rash (nonspecific erythematous macules or papules, which can become generalized)

Answer 37

Rat-bite Fever (Haverhill Fever) | • Characteristic features

Question 38

Klebsiella pneumoniae rhinoscleromatis • Characteristic features: histopath

Answer 38

Rhinoscleroma Hypertrophic plaques on external nares• Mikulicz cells

Question 39

Actinomycetoma source

Answer 39

exogenous,” e.g., soil

Question 40

Oroya fever caused by Transmitted via Oroya does a bacciliformis. Dance around sandfly

Answer 40

B. bacilliformis | Sandfly - Lutzomyia verrucarum