Bacterial and Fungal Skin Diseases

Question 1

which bacteria can cause superficial lesions?

Answer 1

S. pseudintermedius
S. aureus
S. schleiferi

Question 2

what are the main primary lesions that indicate pyoderma?

Answer 2

pustules
abscesses
epidermal collarettes

Question 3

does presence of bacteria on the skin mean pyoderma?

Answer 3

no

Question 4

can a positive skin culture diagnose pyoderma?

Answer 4

no

Question 5

when is culture and sensitivity mandatory?

Answer 5

if you see rods in cytology
pyoderma does not respond to antibiotics
patient’s history is suggestive of resistant infection
deep pyoderma

Question 6

what is the best treatment option for superficial pyoderma?

Answer 6

only topical

Question 7

what is benzoyl peroxide?

Answer 7

potent antibacterial and mild antifungal

Question 8

which antibiotics are the first line for pyoderma?

Answer 8

first generation cephalosporins: cephalexin
amoxicillin-clavulanate
clindamycin

Question 9

how long should you teat with antibiotics for superficial pyoderma?

Answer 9

2-4 weeks

Question 10

what does treatment success of pyoderma depend on?

Answer 10

underlying conditional control: most important
appropriate antibiotic or topicals
dose
duration

Question 11

if you diagnose pyoderma, and there are no signs of underlying disease present, what should you do?

Answer 11

treat pyoderma and wait for other signs

Question 12

what diseases should you consider if there are no signs of underlying disease in an animal with pyoderma?

Answer 12

flea allergy
hypothyroidism
seasonal allergies
demodicosis
subclinical allergies

Question 13

what does impetigo look like?

Answer 13

superficial non-pruritic pustules on ventral abdomen

Question 14

who is bacterial folliculitis common in?

Answer 14

short coated breeds

Question 15

what is bacterial folliculitis most commonly secondary to?

Answer 15

demodicosis
allergies

Question 16

what is exfoliative pyoderma associated with?

Answer 16

exfoliative toxins

Question 17

what are lesions with furunculosis?

Answer 17

nodules
abscesses
plaques
draining tracts

Question 18

what should you check for with podofurunculosis?

Answer 18

demodicosis

Question 19

what is the most effective anti-inflammatory for podofurunculosis?

Answer 19

cyclosporine- modified

Question 20

what is german shepherd pyoderma believed to be?

Answer 20

immune-mediated condition
hypersensitive inflammatory response toward minimal bacterial infection

Question 21

if acute moist dermatitis/pyotraumatic dermatitis is on the cheeks or neck, what is it most likely from?

Answer 21

otitis

Question 22

in which animals should you suspect dermatophytosis?

Answer 22

outdoor cat
recently acquired kitten/cat/puppy from shelter/street

Question 23

what are the clinical signs of dermatophytosis?

Answer 23

focal spontaneous alopecia/scaling
no pruritus usually
more commonly face, ears, legs
can be generalized
long-haired may not have alopecia
kerion dogs

Question 24

how can you diagnose dermatophytosis?

Answer 24

wood’s lamp
direct microscopy of skin scrapings/trichoscopy
tape cytology
cytology
culture
dermoscopy
PCR
skin biopsy
none can rule out 100%

Question 25

what is a positive wood's lamp test?

Answer 25

apple green fluorescence of hair shafts

Question 26

is dermatophytosis self-limiting?

Answer 26

in immunocompetent animals

Question 27

what are the topical treatments of dermatophytosis?

Answer 27

azoles: enilconazole, miconazole, ketoconazole miconazole and chlorehexidine: synergism lime sulfur

Question 28

what is Malassezia?

Answer 28

commensal fungi yeasts

Question 29

what is the most common Malassezia in dogs and cats?

Answer 29

Malassezia pachydermatis

Question 30

what are the common clinical signs of Malassezia?

Answer 30

brown discoloration lichenification and hyperpigmentation odor greasy skin pruritus

Question 31

how can Malassezia be treated topically?

Answer 31

acetic acid topical azoles lime sulfur chlorhexidine

Question 32

what are the best options for systemic treatment of Malassezia dermatitis?

Answer 32

itraconazole ketoconazole posaconazole

Question 33

how long should you treat for Malassezia dermatitis?

Answer 33

2-4 weeks

Question 34

which bacteria can cause both superficial and deep bacterial infections?

Answer 34

S. pseudintermedius S. aureus S. schleiferi

Question 35

what secondary lesions go with pyoderma?

Answer 35

crusts epidermal collarettes multifocal spontaneous alopecia draining tracts erosions ulcers

Question 36

how can you diagnose pyoderma?

Answer 36

pyoderma lesions cytology: neutrophils and bacteria

Question 37

how can you treat deep pyoderma?

Answer 37

topical and systemic systemic 4+ weeks

Question 38

which topical pyoderma treatment does not penetrate well and postpones wound healing?

Answer 38

silver sulfadiazine cream

Question 39

what are the second line antibiotics for pyoderma?

Answer 39

fluoroquinolones doxycycline or minocycline trimethoprim- and ormetoprim-potentiated sulfonamides

Question 40

in who is impetigo common?

Answer 40

young puppies

Question 41

how can you treat impetigo?

Answer 41

no systemic topical treatment with improved hygiene is curative

Question 42

what are the primary lesions in bacterial folliculitis?

Answer 42

papules and pustules may be difficult to appreciate, confused with urticaria

Question 43

what are the lesions with exfoliative pyoderma?

Answer 43

epidermal collarettes with or without spontaneous alopecia

Question 44

what is podofurunculosis commonly associated with?

Answer 44

positional pododermatitis

Question 45

what is positioning pododermatitis likely exacerbated by in short-coated breeds?

Answer 45

traumatic furunculosis

Question 46

what is german shepherd pyoderma characterized by?

Answer 46

recurrent fast developing deep painful pyoderma/furunculosis

Question 47

what is the most common pathogen of german shepherd pyoderma?

Answer 47

S. pseudintermedius

Question 48

how can you treat acute moist dermatitis/hot spot/pyotraumatic dermatitis?

Answer 48

steroidss/apoquel for short time in superficial antibacterial treatment

Question 49

how is intertrigo/skin fold dermatitis treated?

Answer 49

mostly topically may require oral antibiotics may require surgical intervention

Question 50

what are the causes of superficial fungal skin diseases?

Answer 50

dermatophytosis malassezia dermatitis

Question 51

what causes dermatophytosis?

Answer 51

Microsporum Trichopyton Epidermphyton tropic to skin and hair keratin

Question 52

what percentage of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats is Microsporum canis?

Answer 52

90%

Question 53

is Microsporum canis a normal skin inhabitant?

Answer 53

no

Question 54

where do dermatophytes form macroconidium?

Answer 54

only on medium not in tissue

Question 55

which animals are predisposed to dermatophytosis?

Answer 55

persian cats yorkshire terriers young or immuncompromised

Question 56

why do we treat dermatophytosis?

Answer 56

shorten disease period reduce risk of persistent or progressing infection reduce risk of other pets/animals infection reduce risk of people infection

Question 57

what are some systemic antifungals?

Answer 57

itraconazole terbinafine fluconazole ketoconazole griseofulvin lufenuron

Question 58

what immune response do dermatophytes cause?

Answer 58

cellular and humoral immune response

Question 59

what do Malassezia colonize?

Answer 59

epidermal surface

Question 60

what are the virulence factors of Malassezia?

Answer 60

trypsin-sensitive proteins or glycoproteins proteases, lipoxygenases biofilm formation lipase phospholipasse

Question 61

what areas are commonly affected by Malassezia?

Answer 61

ears lip folds interdigital areas and nailbeds ventral neck perianal area chin axillae groin

Question 62

how can you diagnose Malassezia?

Answer 62

not culture cytology: tape, impression, scraping, nailbed sampling

Question 63

is Malassezia dermatitis always secondary?

Answer 63

yes