BACTERIAL CELL COMPONENTS

Question 1

Other term for cell wall

Answer 1

Peptidoglycan or murein layer

Question 2

Give the 2 other components of cell wall

Answer 2

Phospholipid bilayer and proteins

Question 3

Most important purpose of the cell wall

Answer 3

Location for Electron transport chain (energy generation)

Question 4

It gives rigidity to the cell wall

Answer 4

Teichoic acid

Question 5

It regulates muramidase - a cell wall enzyme

Answer 5

Lipoteichoic acid

Question 6

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 6

Gram positive organism

Question 7

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 7

Gram positive organism

Question 8

It has a thick murein layer

Answer 8

Gram positive cell wall

Question 9

It has a thin murein layer

Answer 9

Gram negative cell wall

Question 10

It has a perplasmic space

Answer 10

Gram negative cell wall

Question 11

Crystal violet rinsed vigorously before gram’s iodine complex

Answer 11

False gram negative

Question 12

Prolonged decolorization

Answer 12

False gram negative

Question 13

Insufficient decolorization

Answer 13

False gram positive

Question 14

Insufficient primary stain application

Answer 14

False gram positive

Question 15

Antibiotic treated, degenerating old culture

Answer 15

Gram ghost (only in gram positive)

Question 16

A characteristic exhibited by gram positive bacteria

Answer 16

Gram variability

Question 17

Natural gram variability

Answer 17

Mobiluncus spp. and Gardnerella vaginallis

Question 18

Gram negative cocci

Answer 18

Neisseria spp., Veillonella spp., Moraxella spp. (NVM)

Question 19

All bacilli are negative except?

Answer 19

MyBELLCRACK

Question 20

Bacteria that are gram negative because the do not have a CELL WALL

Answer 20

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

Question 21

Spiral (gram negative or gram positive?)

Answer 21

Gram negative

Question 22

Contains 60% hydrophilic lipids, mainly mycolic acid, that affects the staining

Answer 22

Mycobacterium and Nocardia

Question 23

A staining method that is best for bacteria containing long chain of fatty wax (mycolic acid)

Answer 23

Acid fast staining

Question 24

It renders the resistance of bacteria to decolorizers

Answer 24

Mycolic acid

Question 25

Most common Acid Fast Bacteria

Answer 25

Mycobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)

Question 26

Most crucial step in staining

Answer 26

Decolorizing

Question 27

Color of acid fast bacteria

Answer 27

Pink or red

Question 28

Color of non-acid fast bacteria

Answer 28

Blue

Question 29

Decolorizer of Ziehl-Neelsen method

Answer 29

3% Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and 95% ethanol

Question 30

Why do Kinyuon method does not require heating?

Answer 30

Because of high concentration of phenol in primary stain

Question 31

Decolorizer of Kinyuon Method

Answer 31

3% Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and 95% ethanol

Question 32

Color of stain in Fluorescent method

Answer 32

Bright yellow/orange against dark

Question 33

A phospholipid bilayer with proteins

Answer 33

Cytoplasmic/plasma membrane

Question 34

This is where the nucleoid region is attached

Answer 34

Mesosomes

Question 35

Responsible for protein synthesis

Answer 35

Free ribosomes

Question 36

Storage of excess nutrients

Answer 36

Inclusion bodies

Question 37

It contains lipids

Answer 37

Much granules

Question 37

Contains polyphosphates

Answer 37

Volutin

Question 38

Safety pin appearance

Answer 38

Bipolar bodies

Question 39

Storage of excess nutrients

Answer 39

Inclusion bodies

Question 40

Special stain for bipolar bodies

Answer 40

WAYSON and Methylene blue

Question 41

Resting/hibernating stage of bacteria when exposed to unfavorable environment

Answer 41

Endospores/bacterial spores

Question 42

Shorter and thinner than flagella; Mostly found in gram negative bacteria

Answer 42

Pili or Pilus

Question 43

A pili that is used for adherence to one another, host, cells, and environment surfaces

Answer 43

Common/somatic/Ordinary Pili

Question 44

A pili that is responsible for bacterial conjugation

Answer 44

Sex/Fertility/F Pilus

Question 45

This allows the bacteria to move from one place to another

Answer 45

Flagella or flagellum

Question 46

Protein found in flagella

Answer 46

Flagellin

Question 47

Helpful for serological typing and identifying species (Salmonella spp.)

Answer 47

H antigen

Question 48

Uniform and condensed material that is firmly attached to the bacteria

Answer 48

Capsule

Question 49

Loose, thick, viscous, unorganized material that is not firmly attached to the bacteria

Answer 49

Slime layer