STERILLIZATION AND DISINFECTION

Question 1

Refers to the destruction of all forms of life, including spores.

Answer 1

Sterilization

Question 2

Refers to a process that eliminates a defined scope of of microorganisms.

Answer 2

Disinfection

Question 3

A substance that is applied to the skin for eliminating and reducing the number of bacteria present

Answer 3

Antiseptic

Question 4

Coated with proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, as well as dipicolinic acid and calcium

Answer 4

Spore forming bacteria

Question 5

Has a high lipid content in cell wall

Answer 5

Mycobacterium spp.

Question 6

Can aggregate into communities of bacteria

Answer 6

Biofilm forming bacteria

Question 7

Naked pieces of proteins. Resistant in heat, radiation, and chemicals

Answer 7

Prions

Question 8

The amount of organisms present in the object to be treated

Answer 8

Microbial load or bioburden

Question 9

It is the amount needed to destroy microorganisms

Answer 9

Concentration of disinfecting agentG

Question 10

Give an examples of organic materials

Answer 10

Blood, pus, and mucus

Question 11

Bleach

Answer 11

Sodium hypochlorite

Question 12

This limits the action to prevent the full contact of the agent to the organisms

Answer 12

Organic materials

Question 13

A material that can’t be autoclaved

Answer 13

Endoscopic instruments

Question 14

Usually, disinfectants are used at what temperature?

Answer 14

Room temperature (20 to 22 ‘C)

Question 15

This is a shield that bacteria used to form a communities of layers

Answer 15

Biofilm

Question 16

Coagulation of bacterial proteins including bacterial enzymes

Answer 16

Moist heat

Question 17

Operates based on the principle of steam under pressure

Answer 17

Autoclave

Question 18

Biological indication of autoclave

Answer 18

Bacillus stearothermophilus

Question 19

Fractional discontinuous sterilization

Answer 19

Tyndallization

Question 20

Effective indication of tyndallization

Answer 20

100’C for 30 to 60 minutes

Question 21

Instrument used in tyndallization

Answer 21

Arnold’s sterilizer

Question 22

Thickening through evaporation

Answer 22

Inspissation

Question 23

Effective indicator of inspissation

Answer 23

75 to 80’C for 2 hours

Question 24

Oxidation of bacterial components

Answer 24

Dry heat

Question 25

direct application of flame in aseptic technique

Answer 25

Direct flame

Question 26

used in sterilization of heat resistant materials

Answer 26

Dry/Hot air oven

Question 27

Effective indication of Dry/Hot air oven

Answer 27

160-180 'C for 1.5 to 2 hours

Question 28

Biological indicator of Dry/Hot air oven

Answer 28

Bacillus subtilis var. niger

Question 29

burns materials into ashes

Answer 29

Incineration

Question 30

Used in disposal of biological waste

Answer 30

Incineration

Question 31

Effective indication of incineration

Answer 31

160 to 180 'C for 2 secs

Question 32

Alkylation of nucleic acid of bacteria

Answer 32

Ionizing radiation

Question 33

A process used in ionizing radiation

Answer 33

high energy short wavelength deep penetrating gamma rays

Question 34

Used for heat sensitive materials

Answer 34

Ionizing radiation

Question 35

Biological indicator of ionizing radiation

Answer 35

Bacillus pumilis

Question 36

Based on membrane gradient by differences in particle size

Answer 36

Filtration

Question 37

Uses a thin membrane filter of cellulose acetate

Answer 37

Water/ Liquid solutions/Antibiotic/ Vaccines

Question 38

Most bacteria, yeasts, and molds are retained but may allow the passage of Pseudomonas-like organisms

Answer 38

0.40 to 0.80 micrometer

Question 39

Used to filter Pseudomonas-like organisms; Used for critical sterilization of parenteral solutions

Answer 39

0.20 micrometer

Question 40

Able to retain small viruses

Answer 40

0.01 micrometer

Question 41

Usually used in biological safety cabinets

Answer 41

HEPA (High efficiency particulate air) filter

Question 42

Pore size of HEPA filter

Answer 42

0.3 micrometer

Question 43

For surgical instruments

Answer 43

Peracetic acid

Question 44

Chemical method that is used for HEPA filters or large spaces

Answer 44

Formaldehyde vapor/Vapor phase H2O2

Question 45

Used for medical instuments

Answer 45

Glutaraldehyde

Question 46

Recommended concentration for ETO gas

Answer 46

450 to 700 mg per liter

Question 47

Used by the manufacturing industry

Answer 47

Ethylene Oxide gas (ETO)

Question 48

Biological indicator of ETO gas

Answer 48

Bacillus subtilis var. globijii

Question 49

Destroy vegetative cells of bacteria but not their spores

Answer 49

Boiling

Question 50

Effective indication of boiling

Answer 50

100 'C for 15-30 mins

Question 51

Used for the preservation of alcoholic beverages and dairy products

Answer 51

Pasteurization

Question 52

Batch method of pasteurization

Answer 52

62.5 'C for 30 mins

Question 53

Fast method of pasteurization

Answer 53

72 'C for 15 seconds

Question 54

Ultra High temperature of pasteurization

Answer 54

72 'C - 110 'C for 5 secs

Question 55

Uses low energy long wavelength ultraviolet rays

Answer 55

Non-ionizing radiation

Question 56

Dehydration, lipid dissolution, protein denaturation

Answer 56

Alcohol

Question 57

Inhibits protein function and acts as a strong oxidizing agent

Answer 57

Halogens

Question 58

Denaturation of enzymes and other essential bacterial proteins

Answer 58

Heavy metals

Question 59

Active ingredient but this is an already banned in the market due to its toxicity

Answer 59

Mercury (Hg)

Question 60

Used as algaecide in swimming pools and aquarium

Answer 60

Copper (Cu) - CuSO4

Question 61

Used as prophylactic agent in Crede's prophylaxis in suspected cases of Ophthalmia neotoru,

Answer 61

Sliver (Ag) - 1% AgNO3

Question 62

Enzyme inhibition, protein denaturation, and disruption of plasma membrane

Answer 62

QUATS (Quaternary Ammonium Compounds)

Question 63

Plasma membrane destruction and enzyme denaturation

Answer 63

Phenol/Phenolic Compounds/Bisphenol