Bacterial cell structure

Question 1

Name the bacteria:

Answer 1

Cocci

Question 2

Name the bacteria:

Answer 2

Bacilli

Question 3

Name the bacteria:

Answer 3

Coccobacillus

Question 4

Name the bacteria:

Answer 4

Vibrios

Question 5

Name the bacteria:

Answer 5

Spirilla

Question 6

Name the bacteria:

Answer 6

Spirochaetes

Question 7

What is the binary fission sequence in bacteria?

Answer 7

1) Chromosome replication begins
2) Replication continues
3) Replication finishes
4) Two daughter cells result

Question 8

What is it called when there is only one plane of cell division?

Answer 8

Diplococci/streptococci

Question 9

What is the structure called when there are two planes of cell division?

Answer 9

Tetrade

Question 10

What is the structure called when there are three planes of cell division?

Answer 10

Sarcinae

Question 11

What is the structure called when there are multiple planes of cell division?

Answer 11

Staphylococci

Question 12

If there is no sticking between bacterial cells what is this called?

Answer 12

Monococci

Question 13

What is the glycocalyces?

Answer 13

“Sugar cup” -surrounds the bacterial cell can be in a capsule form or slime layer

Question 14

What is the long thin filament that extends outward from the cell?

Answer 14

Flagella

Question 15

How does the flagellated bacteria move?

Answer 15

A biased random walk

Question 16

Name the structure:

-Rod-like extensions
-Rigid
-numerous
-smaller than flagella
-act as “grappling hooks”

Answer 16

Fimbriae

Question 17

Name the structure:

-Specialized fimbriae
-How bacteria have sex
-How conjugation happens: sharing genetic information and immunities with other bacteria

Answer 17

Pili

Question 18

Name the structure:

-Found on virtually all Bacteria
-Roles include:
protection, attachment to other bacteria, resistance to osmotic forces, give shape to the cell

Answer 18

Bacterial Cell wall

Question 19

A polysaccharide comprised of repeating N-acetylglucosamine(NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)

Answer 19

Peptidoglycan

Question 20

Is this picture gram-positive or gram-negative?

Answer 20

Gram-negative

Question 21

What is found in the gram-negative cell wall?

Answer 21

Lipopolysaccharide (can be very toxic)

Question 22

The most common staining technique in biology; differentiates between gram negative and gram positive:

Answer 22

The gram stain

Question 23

A gram-positive cell wall means that the cell wall is thick, there is only one layer, and there is no outer membrane.

Answer 23

Gram-positive

Question 24

What is used during the gram stain that causes the crystal violet color from the first step to stick to the cell?

Answer 24

Mordant (iodine)

Question 25

During the third step of gram staining what is added and why?

Answer 25

ethanol and acetol - to decolorize the stain Gram-negative stain will be colorless and gram-positive will stay purple.

Question 26

What are you adding during the fourth step of gram staining and what is it's purpose?

Answer 26

Counter stain; safranin adds a pink color to cell walls gram-positive will remain purple and gram-negative will become pink from safranin stain

Question 27

Why does the gram stain fail to identify mycobacterium and nocardia bacteria?

Answer 27

They have very waxy cell walls that reject the crystal violet stain. (these are gram-positive) Instead, the acid-fast staining technique is used.

Question 28

What colors are the bacteria when using acid-fast staining?

Answer 28

Acid-fast bacteria-pink/red non-acid-fast: blue

Question 29

What does the bacterial cytosol consist of?

Answer 29

ions, carbs, proteins, lipids, waste products

Question 30

Does bacteria contain a nucleoid region?

Answer 30

Yes

Question 31

What do inclusions consist of?

Answer 31

They are deposits of: lipids, or starch, or phosphorous, or nitrogen, or sulfur-containing compounds. surrounded by a protein membrane

Question 32

What two bacteria can create endospores?

Answer 32

Bacillus and Clostridium

Question 33

What is the purpose of the endospore form?

Answer 33

It's a type of "hibernating" resistant form which allows the bacteria to survive in unfavorable conditions. resistant to drying, heat, radiation, lethal chemicals