bacterial cell wall structure

Question 1

qualities of gram-positive cells

Answer 1

• thicker layer of peptidoglycan
• stain purple with gram stains
• virulence factors: wall teichoic acid, lipoteichoic acid, m proteins, mycoli acid
• may contain a glycocalyx

Question 2

qualities of gram negative cells

Answer 2

• thinner layer of peptidoglycan
• stain red with gram stains
• virulence factors in cell wall: lps layer, porin proteins
• virulence factors: pili, fimbriae, axial filaments
• may contain glycocalyx

Question 3

bacterial cell wall is composed of

Answer 3

peptidoglycan

Question 4

peptidoglycan is made out of

Answer 4

nag and nam building blocks (sugar portion) linked to peptide chains (amino acid portion)

• linkage is from enzymes

Question 5

peptidoglycan is a target for

Answer 5

antibiotics; prevents from being built

Question 6

2 types of bacterial cell wall structures

Answer 6

gram positive and gram negative

Question 7

e. coli is

Answer 7

gram negative

Question 8

gram negative

Answer 8

thin layer peptidoglycan
porins
endotoxin (lipopolysaccharides)
larger periplasmic space

Question 9

method of staining that distinguishes types of bacteria based on peptidoglycan cell wall

Answer 9

gram staining

Question 10

virulence factors in the bacterial cell wall for gram-positive bacteria

Answer 10

teichoic acids
m protein
mycolic acid

Question 11

what makes up teichoic acids

Answer 11

lipoteichoic acids
wall teichoic acids

Question 12

provide rigidity, cause immune response (act as antigen)

Answer 12

lipoteichoic acids

Question 13

attachment

Answer 13

wall teichoic acids

Question 14

protrudes from the cell wall of some streptococcal species
highly susceptible to mutations

Answer 14

m protein

Question 15

functions of m protein

Answer 15

increases adherence to host cells (helps attach)
prevents phagocytosis by binding directly to components on immune cells involved in phagocytosis

Question 16

found in mycobacterium species
consists of waxy lipid incorporated into the cell wall

Answer 16

mycolic acid

Question 17

functions of mycolic acid

Answer 17

makes cell extremely resistant to environmental stress
acts as a barrier against antibiotics and host defenses

Question 18

virulence factors in bacterial cell wall for gram-negative bacteriaa

Answer 18

lipopolysaccharide (lps) layer
porin proteins: travels through outermost membrane

Question 19

lipids proteins and polysaccharides
fastens the outer membrane of the cell to the peptidoglycan layer
breaks apart and becomes endotoxin; acts as antigen + can cause septic shock

Answer 19

lps layer

Question 20

• form a channel through the outer membrane; responsible for movement of molecules and ions in and out of the gram-negative cell
• keeps out large molecules
• can mutate to develop resistance to antibiotics

Answer 20

porin proteins

Question 21

some bacterial structures are a target for

Answer 21

antibiotics