Bacterial genetics

Question 1

The arrangement of genes within an organism is called

Answer 1

genotype

Question 2

alternate forms of a gene are called

Answer 2

alleles

Question 3

the cells genome are stored in

Answer 3

chromosomes

Question 4

the two functions of genetic materials are

Answer 4

replication and expression

Question 5

an organized structure of DNA and protein is called

Answer 5

chromosome

Question 6

a change in the sequence of template dna is called

Answer 6

mutation
mutations are inheritable

Question 7

the agent that induces mutation in gene is called a?

Answer 7

mutagen
the process is called mutagenesis

Question 8

nitrous acid acts as a mutagen by alteration of what on a DNA?

Answer 8

alters adenine(purine) to pair with cytosine(pyrimidine) instead of thiamine(pyrimidine)

Question 9

what are acridine dyes

Answer 9

they are mutagens which are nucleoside analogs that are similar in structure to nitrogenous bases

Question 10

extrachromosomal elements found within a bacteria are called

Answer 10

plasmid

Question 11

plasmid are not essential for the survival of bacteria
T or F

Answer 11

T
it’s in slide

Question 12

plasmids multiply independently of the chromosomes and can be inherited by daughter cells
T or F

Answer 12

T

Question 13

list the types of plasmids

Answer 13

R plasmids
F plasmids
RTF plasmids
col plasmids

Question 14

plasmids code for resistance to several antibiotics especially in gram + bacteria
T or F

Answer 14

F
gram - bacteria

Question 15

what are bacteriocins

Answer 15

Bacteriocin is a small molecule, produced by bacteria, that inhibits closely related strains
they are coded for by plasmids

Question 16

NOT A QUESTION

PLASMIDS CODE FOR TOXINS such as
1.enterotoxins in escherichia coli and vibro cholerae
2.exfoliative toxin by staphylococcus aureus
3. neurotoxin of Clostridium tetani

Answer 16

Say no to premarital interactions

Question 17

enzymes that repair dna in bacteria are coded by

Answer 17

plasmids
plasmids also code for resistance to UV light

Question 18

what does f factor(plasmid) code for

Answer 18

codes for sex pili for it’s own transfer to other cells
the f means fertility factor

Question 19

bacteria that have f plasmids are called

Answer 19

F+ bacteria

Question 20

an f plasmid is transferred to other cells via

Answer 20

conjugation
and f- bacteria that receives an f plasmid becomes f+

Question 21

R factor plasmid codes for

Answer 21

transmissible drug resistance

Question 22

what is the effect of introducing an insertion sequence into a bacterial gene

Answer 22

the gene will be inactivated

Question 23

list the two types of transposable genetic elements

Answer 23

insertion sequence
transposons

Question 24

what is the first step in conjugation

Answer 24

mating pair formation

Question 25

the structure that allows for mating pair formation during conjugation is

Answer 25

sex pillus

Question 26

gram positive bacteria use sex pili for conjugation T or F

Answer 26

F they use adhesin instead to bind to recipient bacteria

Question 27

The R factor has two components which are

Answer 27

RTF(resistance transfer factor) - codes for self transfer R determinant - codes for antibiotics resistance

Question 28

if the RTF and R component of plasmid dissociate the bacteria is still resistant to antibiotics but cannot pass it on to other cells via conjugation T or F

Answer 28

T

Question 29

The enzyme that mediates homologous recombination is mediated by an enzyme called

Answer 29

RecA protein

Question 30

a plasmid that is able to integrate into the chromosome is called

Answer 30

an episome

Question 31

when the F plasmid is incorporated into the chromosome the cell is now called?

Answer 31

a Hfr cell

Question 32

in hfr conjugation, after transfer of dna materials to the F- bacteria, the f-bacteria is now called?

Answer 32

f- bacteria it is still called a f- bacteria because not all of the f plasmid was transferred before the connection between the two cells broke so it doesn't have the complete f plasmid

Question 33

the major way gram negative bacteria transfer genes is via

Answer 33

conjugation

Question 34

conjugation can occur between two bacteria of different species T or F

Answer 34

T

Question 35

list the two possible life cycles of bacteriophage

Answer 35

lytic cycle lysogenic cycle

Question 36

The process by which bacteriophages transfer genes into bacteria is called

Answer 36

transduction

Question 37

in lytic transduction there is incorporation of bacteriophage dna into the bacterial chromosome T or F

Answer 37

F this is the lysogenic cycle

Question 38

the incorporation of a bacteriophage and bacterial chromosome is called a

Answer 38

prophage

Question 39

diptheria toxin is produced by corynebacterium diptheria that have been lysogened with?

Answer 39

beta prophage

Question 40

gene transfer whereby the Dna is taken up from a donor cell is called

Answer 40

transformation in transformation when a bacteria is lysed it releases it's fragments of it's chromosomes out these fragments are taken up by a non lysed bacteria in a process called transformation

Question 41

examples of bacteria that can undergo transformation include?

Answer 41

baccilus haemophilus Neisseria Pneumococcus

Question 42

The first example of genetic transfer in bacteria to be discovered is?

Answer 42

Transformation

Question 43

bacteria (during transformation) that allow free entry of DNA for uptake(without destroying one strand) do so when a protein called _____ is being produced

Answer 43

competence protein (it is present during the log phase of their cycle)

Question 44

gram positive undergo transformation by taking up dna as

Answer 44

a single strand (degrades the other strand and produces the complementary strand in their cells)

Question 45

gram negative undergo transformation by taking up dna as?

Answer 45

double strand doesn't degrade one strand instead takes up the whole dna chain

Question 46

what protein on bacteria cell wall allows dna to bind to it in order to be taking up in the process of transformation

Answer 46

DNA binding protein (so obvious)

Question 47

the enzyme responsible for breaking dna bound to DNA binding protein into fragments is called?

Answer 47

nuclease enzyme

Question 48

the protein that allows for recombinant exchange between recipients strand and donor strand js called

Answer 48

Rec A protein