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parasites Flashcards

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1
Q

list the Taxonic classification of parasites

A

Subkingdom
phylum
subpyhlum

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2
Q

parasites are divided into subkingdom

A

protozoa and metazoa

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3
Q

metazoa consist of 2 divisions which are

A

worms(helminthes)
athropoda

nb: helminthes is not a phylum or a Taxonic name it simply means parasitic worms

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4
Q

list the phyla under subkingdom protozoa

A

apicomplexa
cilliophora
sarcomastigophora

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5
Q

phylum apicomplexa is also called

A

sporozoa

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6
Q

NOT A FLASHCARD
remember to underline genus and specie name in theory exams

A

Looking good my gee😚😚😚

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7
Q

phylum sarcomastigophora is divided into subphyla?

A

sarcodina
mastigophora(flagellates)

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8
Q

helminthes is divided into what phyla

A

phylum nematode
phylum platyhelminthes

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9
Q

phylum platyhelminthes is divided into class

A

cestoda(tapeworms)
trematoda(flukes)

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10
Q

Parasitology is the study and medical implications of parasites that affect humans
T or F

A

F
this is the definition of specifically medical parasitology

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11
Q

ALLprotozoa are unicellular
T or F

A

T

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12
Q

The study of athropods is called

A

Entomology

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13
Q

ALL parasitic organism are eukaryotes
T or F

A

T

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14
Q

The organism in/on which a parasite lives and cause harm is called

A

a host

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15
Q

The organism in which the adult or sexually mature stage of parasite lives is called

A

definitive/primary/main host

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16
Q

the organism in which the parasite lives during a period of its development alone is called a

A

intermediate/secondary host

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17
Q

a living carrier that transports a pathogenic organism from infected to noninfected host is called

A

a vector

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18
Q

a vector can be affected by the parasite it is carrying
T or F

A

F
a characteristic feature that qualifies a vector is that they are not affected by parasite they carry

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19
Q

The most popular intestinal flaggelate is

A

Gardia lamblia
gotten from drinking contaminated water

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20
Q

The basis for the classifications of protozoa is

A

their morphology and means of locomotion

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21
Q

most protozoa specie that cause human disease belong to what phyla

A

sarcomastigophora and apicomplexa

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22
Q

According to their site of infection parasites can be classified into
(5)

A

intestinal parasites
urogenital parasites
blood and tissue parasites
cutaneous
others

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23
Q

subphylum sarcodina uses what structure for locomotion

A

pseudopodia

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24
Q

subphylum mastigophora structure for locomotion is

A

flagella

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25
according to degree of pathogenicity protozoa can be categorized as
pathogenic non pathogenic(commensals) opportunistic
26
according to their anatomical habitat in humans parasites can be classified as
ectoparasite endoparasite
27
what parasite phylum alternates between sexual and asexual reproductive phase
phylum apicomplexa
28
phylum apicomplexa is divided into two groups which are
coccidia microsporidia
29
all the microsporidia of human importance are intestinal parasites T or F
T
30
list the sporozoa that affect other body tissues
sarcocystis lindemanni Toxoplasma gondi
31
list the sporozoa affecting blood and tissues
plasmodium: falciparum, ovale, vivax, malariae Babesia microti- caused by ticks
32
toxoplasma gondii is transmitted from
cats to pregnant women
33
entamoeba histolytica causes the diesase?
amoebiasis
34
what organism in subphylum sarcodina is transmitted by homosexual men
entamoeba dispar
35
entamoeba gingivalis is found where
in the oral cavity (it is non pathogenic- according to Donye)
36
the brain eating amoeba is found under what subphyla
subphylum sarcodina (nagleria fowleri)
37
granulomatous amoebic encephalitis is caused by what organism
acanthamoeba castellanis + balamuthia mandrillaris(formerly called leptomyxid amoeba)
38
some members of the subphylum mastigophora have an undulating membrane e.g giardia T or F
F trypansomes and trichomonas
39
list 2 pathogenic intestinal flagellates
giardia lamblia dientameoba fragilis
40
trypanosomal species can be classified under ____ based on site of infection
blood and tissue flagellates
41
list the trypanosoma species and the disease they cause
trypansoma brucei rhodesiense - east Africa sleeping sickness trypanosoma brucei gambisiense - west Africa sleeping sickness trypanosoma cruzi- Chagas disease trypanosoma rangelli - non pathogenic
42
list the two broad genus of blood and tissue flagellates
trypanosoma spp. leishmenia spp.
43
visceral leishmaniasis(also known as kala-azar) is caused by
leishmenia donovani complex
44
leishmenia peruviana causes what disease
black fever (kala azar)
45
list the trichomonas species and where they can be found/what they cause
trichomonas are flagellates trichomonas hominis - intestine (non pathogenic) trichomonas vaginalis - genitourinary tract - trichomoniasis trichomonas tenax - oral cavity (oral trichomoniasis)
46
phylium cilliophora have how many nuclei
2
47
The only cilliate affecting humans is
Balantidium coli it is an intestinal parasite causes diarrhea in immunocompromised people
48
There are about how many protozoa specie
45000
49
based on pathogenicity microsporidia are classified as
opportunistic
50
list 4 parasites who enter into the body via athropod bites and the athropod involved
sandfly - leishmenia ixodes ticks - babesia anopheles - plasmodium reduviid bug - trypansoma
51
toxoplasma gondii can enter an host via two routes which are?
Faeco oral (cat faeces) ingestion of encysted parasite
52
list two parasitic disease that are due to replication of parasites in large number intracellularly and the cells they replicate in
Leishmeniasis - macrophage plasmodium - rbc
53
list two parasitic disease that are due to replication of parasites in large number extracellularly
Giardia - git amoeba - git
54
list the cells that mediate the innate response against extracellular protozoan
neutrophils nk cells macrophages
55
list the cells that mediate the innate response against intracellular protozoan
nk cell cytokine activated - macrophages
56
what cytokines are initially produced in early immune response by the host to intracellular parasite infections
il-12 and IFN-y which drive the differentiation of CD4 T cells to TH1 helper cells
57
list 5 mechanism of invading host immune response by parasites
1.Antigenic variation- seen in trypanosoma, plasmodium, Giardia 2.intracellular infection - toxoplasma, plasmodium 3.Encystation - amoeba 4.Cleavage of antibody/complement component - Leishmenia, amoeba 5.immunosupression/ redirection of cellular immune response - leishmenia, plasmodium
58
intestinal protozoa usually have 2 stages called
Trophozoite Cyst
59
The cyst stage is the infective stage of intestinal protozoa T or F
T infective means how it gets into the body it is when it has successfully entered the body that it turns into trophozite
60
how and where do trophozoite multiply
They multiply by binary fission in the large intestine
61
transformation of a cyst into a trophozoite is called
excystation
62
the disease causing stage of intestinal protozoa is called
the trophozoite
63
trophozoite can not survive outside host T or F
T
64
list the 6 methods of diagnosing intestinal protozoa
Parasitological diagnosis concentration technique - use of formalin ether sigmoidoscopy culture method intestinal biopsy serological tests e.g ELISA test
65
the cyst form of protozoa is resistant to chlorine and ozone T or F
T
66
parasitic helminthes can be divided into
phylum nematode phylum platyhelminthes
67
segmented round in cross section with body cavities one set of longitudinal muscles elongated with both ends tapered These are all characteristics of phylum nematoda T or F
F they are unsegmented
68
female nematode of the same species are larger than male nematodes T or F
T
69
based on primary location in the body nematodes can be classified as?
intestinal nematode tissue nematode
70
Encephalitizoon hellum, vittaforma corneum and nosema ocularum are __a__ species that cause ___b__
a microsporidia specie b ocular infection
71
encephalitizoon hellum, encephalitizoon cuniculi Pleistophora spp. bracheola spp. usually occur in what kind of patients
AIDS patients and they can't be cured
72
gardia lambia is treated by administering
metronidazole(flagyl) or quinacrine nb: remember metronidazole/nitrofurantoin are used to inhibit nuclear synthesis in bacteria via free radical creation
73
ameobosis(entamoeba histolyca) can be treated by
iodoquinole (with metronidazole) paromomycine diloxanide
74
cryptosporidium is eliminated from the intestine via what drug
nitazoxanide(for non HIV infected people)
75
Cyclospora is eliminated from the intestine by administering what drug
Sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprim nb: they are also used to treat bacteria infection by inhibiting folate synthesis
76
Trypanosoma brucei rhodensiae is treated in the primary(hemolytic) stage by___a___ and in the late CNS stage by___b___
a. suramin b. melarsoprol
77
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense is treated in the primary(hemolytic) stage by___a___ and in the late CNS stage by___b___
a pentamidine b eflornithine
78
trypanosoma cruzi is treated by administering
benzonidazole
79
leishmeniasis is commonly treated by administering
sodium stibogluconate meglumine
80
kala azar is caused by __a__ and is treated by administering __b__
kala azar also called visceral leishmeniasis is caused leishmenia donovani complex and treated by administering liposomal amphotericin B
81
NOT A QUESTION amphotericin is also used to treat disease caused by Tissue such as naegleria fowleri, acanthamoeba, balamuthia etc They are diagnosed by presence of trophozoite in CSF
you look cute though
82
About leishmenia: the vector is ___a___ , when injected into the body it is at ___b___ stage, when in macrophages/monocytes it is called ___c___
a. sandfly b. promastigote c. amastigote
83
the sites of trypanosoma cruzi infection is at
the heart and parasympathetic ganglia
84
acid fast staining is used to diagnose what intestinal amoeba
cyclospra cryptospora
85
dyphilobothrium dipylidium hymenolepsis are all organisms under what phylum
phylum platyhelminthes class cestoda taenia spp. js another member
86
Fasciolopsis echinostoma Heterophyes metagonimus are examples of
intestinal trematodes

Microbiology (7 decks)

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