Bacterial Genetics/Protein Synthesis

Question 1

Central Dogma of molecular biology

Answer 1

DNA->RNA-> Proteins

Question 2

Genetics is

Answer 2

Study of gene structure, behavior, inheritance, distribution, variation

Question 3

who first isolated DNA

Answer 3

Miescher

Question 4

Nucleic acid structure

Answer 4

Reverse and complementary Strands in a double helix

Question 5

Why is DNA replication “semi conservative”

Answer 5

Each parent strand acts as a template for a new strand

Question 6

Prokaryotic DNA structure

Answer 6

Circular chromosomes and plasmids

Question 7

DNA polymerase III direction

Answer 7

5’-> 3’

Question 8

precursors used by DNA polymerase III

Answer 8

nucleic acid Triphosphates

Question 9

DNA Polymerase I activity

Answer 9

DNA repair, lagging strand synthesis

Question 10

DNA Polymerase II activity

Answer 10

DNA repair

Question 11

DNA Polymerase III activity

Answer 11

major replication enzyme

Question 12

Where dos the energy for DNA synthesis come from

Answer 12

Hydrolysis of nucleic acid triphosphates

Question 13

Processivity

Answer 13

Ability of an enzyme to catalyze many reactions without dissociating from substrate

Question 14

Helicase activity

Answer 14

Break H-Bonds and unwind DNA

Question 15

topoisomerase activity

Answer 15

break single strand to prevent supercoiling

Question 16

DNA gyrase activity

Answer 16

packs and unpacks chromosomes through supercoiling

Question 17

Primase activity

Answer 17

Starts replication with RNA primers

Question 18

DNA ligase activity

Answer 18

joins final phosphodiester bond of okazaki fragments

Question 19

What enzyme lays nucleotides between okazaki fragments

Answer 19

DNA Polymerase I

Question 20

XerCd recombinase activity

Answer 20

catalyzes crossover to separate dimerized chromosomes

Question 21

Template strand sense or antisense

Answer 21

Antisense

Question 22

-35 Box is for…

Answer 22

RNA polymerase recognition site

Question 23

-10 box function

Answer 23

RNA polymerase binding site

Question 24

leader sequence

Answer 24

gets transcribed but not translated, contains shine delgarno sequence

Question 25

mRNA start codon

Answer 25

AUG, generally

Question 26

First amino acid in most bacterial proteins

Answer 26

formyl-methionine

Question 27

Polycistronic mRNA

Answer 27

many genes in one mRNA, cleaved later

Question 28

Subunit of RNA polymerase that regulates transcription initiation

Answer 28

Sigma factor, dissociates after initiation

Question 29

core promoter

Answer 29

-35 box to +1

Question 30

Ribosome read direction

Answer 30

5' -> 3'

Question 31

Enzyme that catalyzes tRNA attachment to amino acid

Answer 31

aminoacyl-tRNA synthase

Question 32

Binding site for 16S subunit of Ribosome

Answer 32

Shine delgarno sequence

Question 33

Which initiation factor prevents premature association of large and small subunits

Answer 33

IF-3

Question 34

Initiation factor that selects initiator tRNA and palces it at the p site

Answer 34

IF-2, complexed with GTP

Question 35

Enzyme that catalyzes bind of aminoacyl-tRNA to A site

Answer 35

EF-tu (elongation factor), complexed with GTP

Question 36

Enzyme that catalyzes peptide translocation

Answer 36

EF-G

Question 37

Part removed from polypeptide in post-translational protien splicing

Answer 37

inteins

Question 38

Primary chaperon complex for folding proteins

Answer 38

DNAJ and DNAK

Question 39

Final chaperon complex for folding proteins

Answer 39

GroEL and GroES

Question 40

Protein translocation

Answer 40

movement form the cytoplasm to the membrane or periplasmic space

Question 41

Main translocation pathway for proteins

Answer 41

Sec pathway

Question 42

Which protein of the Sec pathway keeps the preprotein unfolded

Answer 42

SecB

Question 43

Type I secretion system

Answer 43

used for adhesion proteins, Sec independant

Question 44

Type II secretion system

Answer 44

Sec and tat dependent, mostly for hydrolytic enzymes

Question 45

TAT system

Answer 45

twin arginine secretion, secretes folded proteins with twin arginine in their signal sequence

Question 46

Type III secretion system

Answer 46

Sec and Tat independent, involved in pathogenicity, forms injectosomes

Question 47

Type IV secretion system

Answer 47

Can be Sec dependent, used for pathogenicity and conjugation

Question 48

Type V secretion system

Answer 48

Sec and Tat dependent, used for autotransporting virulence factors and biofilm components

Question 49

Type VI secretion system

Answer 49

similar to bacteriophage injection system, role in pathogenicity (virulence factors)