Controlling Microbes

Question 1

Sterilization is defined as

Answer 1

All viable organisms dead or removed

Question 2

Disinfection is defined as

Answer 2

Killing or inhibiting all pathogens

Question 3

Sanitization is defined as

Answer 3

Reduction of microbe levels to safe standards

Question 4

Antisepsis is defined as

Answer 4

Prevention of microbial infection in living tissue

Question 5

Chemotherapy is defined as

Answer 5

The use of chemicals to kill or inhibit pathogens within living tissue

Question 6

D-value

Answer 6

Time taken for a 10X reduction in microbial population

Question 7

Z-value

Answer 7

Number of degrees of temperature increase needed to achieve a 10x reduction in D-value

Question 8

Hepa uses physical retention and …

Answer 8

Electrostatic charges

Question 9

does pasteurization sterilize?

Answer 9

No

Question 10

is dry or moist heat a more effective sterilizer?

Answer 10

Moist

Question 11

How does UV light kill?

Answer 11

Forms thymine dimers, DNA cant be transcribed

Question 12

Mechanism of action of Phenolics

Answer 12

Denture proteins, disrupt membranes

Question 13

is alcohol sporicidal?

Answer 13

No

Question 14

How do Halogens kill?

Answer 14

Oxidize cell components, iodine iodates proteins

Question 15

Banzalkonium is a type of?

Answer 15

Quaternary ammonium compounds

Question 16

How do aldehydes kill?

Answer 16

complex with and inactivate proteins and nucleic acids

Question 17

Is H2O2 sporicidal?

Answer 17

Yes

Question 18

Sterilization vs Disinfection

Answer 18

sterilization kills all viable organisms, Disinfection kills or inhibits all pathogens

Question 19

Is microbial death Linear or Exponential

Answer 19

Exponential

Question 20

Good methods of control for heat sensitive liquids

Answer 20

pasteurization and filtration

Question 21

Wavelength of UV light absorbed by DNA?

Answer 21

260 nm

Question 22

penicillin mechanism of action?

Answer 22

binds to transpeptidase, inhibits cell wall synthesis

Question 23

5 types of proteins synthesis inhibitors

Answer 23

aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamines, chloramphenicol

Question 24

sulfonamides are a type of … ?

Answer 24

metabolic antagonists

Question 25

The 4 types of antibiotics

Answer 25

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors, protein synthesis inhibitors, metabolic antagonists, nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors

Question 26

Example of Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

Answer 26

penicillin, cephalosporins, glycopeptides (vancomycin)

Question 27

Example of protein synthesis inhibitors

Answer 27

Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamines, chloramphenicol

Question 28

Example of nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors

Answer 28

Quinolones (nalidixic acid)

Question 29

Example of a metabolic antagonist antibiotic

Answer 29

sulfonamides, trimethoprim

Question 30

the 4 mechanisms of antibiotic resistance

Answer 30

Alteration of target proteins, reduce access to target proteins, hydrolysis of the antibiotic, non-selective removal with efflux pumps

Question 31

Central ring of Penicillins

Answer 31

B-lactam ring