Bacterial haemorrhagic diseases Flashcards
(19 cards)
Vibriosis agents
● v. anguillarum
● v. cholerae
● v. harveyi
● v. salmonicida
● v. vulnificus
● v. parahaemolyticus
● v. dalsela
● v. veronii
● v. fluvialis
● …
vibriosis host range, distribution, chartachaeristics
species: all
● ↑marine and brackish water fish
● ↓ freshwater fish
● crustaceans
● mollusks
● man
● …
Cosmopolitan range
Warm waters (>15°C) + salinity around 35 ppm
vibriosis symptoms
● Melanosis
● Exophthalmos
● Lethargy
● Anorexia
● Skin discoloration
● Red necrotic lesions in the abdomen
● Vibices (linear red streaks) and Suffusions (hemorrhagic soft areas)
● Hemorrhages and necrosis (systemic damage) = Redness and damage to multiple organs
● Bladder (swimbladder) congestion + other organs congestion
● Petechial hemorrhages on the peritoneum
● Liver hemorrhages
● Intestinal hemorrhages (especially terminal part)
●Spleen enlargement (splenomegaly)
vibriosis therapy and prophylaxis:
Therapy:
● antibiotics with antibiogram
Prophylaxis: (v. anguillarum)
● immersion vaccination
● injection vaccination
+ hygiene
+ welfare
minors vibriosis bacterial septicemia:
+ V. vulnificus: Deep ulcers in sea bass.
+ V. damselae: Enteritis in sea bream.
+ V. alginolyticus: Nervous forms in infected fish.
vibrio Harveyi hosts
crustaceans
mollusks
seahorses
elasmobranchs
may-october high mortality 20-30%
vibriosis diagnosis:
bacteriology, PCR,…
vibrio Harveyi symptoms
● Anorexia
● Slimming
● Swimming with ataxia
● Hemorrhagic lesions at fins, anal opening, and skin
● necrotic ulcerative skin lesions
● keratitis+ ocular lesions
Enteric Red Mouth Disease (ERMD) agent, hosts, transmission, range
agent: yersinia ruckeri
Serotypes:
● 01
● 02
● 05
● 06
● 07
Biotypes:
● 1 (↑motility)
● 2 (↓ motility)
host: all, acute in fingerlings chronic in adults
15-18°C
transmission: horizontal (biofilm)
cosmopolitan
Enteric Red Mouth Disease (ERMD) symptoms
● Melanosis
● Exophthalmia + solite
● Red mouth/anus
● Oral hemorrhages
● Inflammation of jaws and fins
● Proctitis (inflammation of the rectal lining) + Intestine hemorrhages
● Hemorrhages on body and fins + pale gills
● internal petechial hemorrhages + Vessel congestion
● Abdominal swelling + Stomach filled with fluid + Swim Bladder swelling + Kidney swelling + Gastroenteritis
● Splenomegaly
Enteric Red Mouth Disease diagnosis
all
● Clinical signs
● Cultural exam of kidney on Blood Agar, TSA, BHI 48hrs at 20 25°C
● Biochemical tests
● Agglutination + immunofluorescence, PCR
Enteric Red Mouth Disease treatment
(antibiogram) +
● Oxytetracycline
● Trimethoprim+sulfam ethoxazole
● Flumequine
● Florfenicol
furuncolosis agent, hosts, distribution and transmission
aeromonas salmonicida
all: freshwater( salmonids + non salmonids) + seawater
cosmopolitan but no South America and New Zealand
horizontal (blood, feces, eggs, parasites)
T 12-15°C + stress + age
furuncolosis diagnosis, therapy
● Cultural exam of kidney, spleen, muscle, liver on Blood Agar, TSA, BHI 48hrs at 20 25°C
● Biochemical tests
● Agglutination, PCR
therapy: vaccines
furuncolosis symptoms
General:
● melanosis
● exophthalmus
● lethargy
● anorexia
Internal:
● hemorrhages in internal organs and muscles
● colliquative necrosis of spleen (+ splenomegaly), liver, kidney
Fingerlings (iperacute):
● haemorrhages at fin base
● sudden mortality
Adults:
● acute: skin and gill haemorrhages
● chronic: furuncles
red mark syndrome or strawberry disease agent, hosts, T
candidatus pisciclamydia salmonis
salmonids (rainbow trout a lot)
9°C (spring/autumn)
red mark syndrome or strawberry disease symptoms
raised red skin lesions + petechia + discoloration + ulcers
chronic inflammation: lymphocytes a d macrophages at histology
morbidity but no mortality
petechial rash disease symptoms
petechiae on skin and fins
mainly sea bream, no more info
red mark syndrome or strawberry disease therapy
(antibiogram) +
● Oxytetracycline
● Trimethoprim+sulfam ethoxazole
● Flumequine
● Florfenicol
