skin ulcerative lesions

Question 1

excess mucus causes

Answer 1

pollution
bacteria, viruses, parasites
poor preservation of fish

Question 2

myxidium giardii (mixozoan) lesion

Answer 2

exit sign on skin (spot)

Question 3

spring viremia of carps (SVC) cause

Answer 3

Rhabdovirus +carriers like:
● argulus
● piscicola geometra
● birds
● stress
7-18°C (winter) ->15-17°C peak mortality
more in young

Question 4

spring viremia of carps (SVC) hosts

Answer 4

● common, silver & grass carp
● tench
● ↓pike and r. trout
vertical (ovarian fluids) & horizontal

Question 5

spring viremia of carps (SVC) symptoms

Answer 5

● melanosis
● exophtamia
● ulcers in body, fins and eyes
● branchial anaemia with petechiae
● haemorrhages in internal organs and external
● dropsy + lepidortosis: edema in scale pockets + scale erection
+ erhytrodermatitis if together with aeromona salmonicida
● swollen abdomen→serohemorrhagic/infective ascite
● splenomegaly
● enteritis
● catarrhal-like mucus in intestine→mucous faeces

Question 6

Motile aeromonas septicemia (MAS) cause

Answer 6

Gram - aeromonas (main: A. hydrophyla + pseudomonas,…)
all fish (high effect in sturgeon), enterobacteria

Question 7

Motile aeromonas septicemia (MAS) symptoms

Answer 7

ulcers with a bright rim of red tissue
widespread internal and external hemorrhages
+ other general lesion

Question 8

Motile aeromonas septicemia (MAS) diagnosis

Answer 8

clinical signs
Culture on standard media from liver, spleen, kidney 24h 30°C

Question 9

Motile aeromonas septicemia (MAS) pathogenicity

Answer 9

● LPS
● cytotoxic cellular products
●hemolysins
●siderophores
● adhesins

Question 10

Motile aeromonas septicemia (MAS) symptoms in sturgeons

Answer 10

● dorsal muscle necrosis
● ulcers & hemorrhages on skin
● branchial ischemia
● bloody fluid in abdominal cavity, internal hemorrhages

Question 11

septicemia vs bacteremia

Answer 11

septicemia: bacteria enters and reproduces in bloood
bacteremia: bacteria just in blood

Question 12

cold water myxobacteriosis or rainbow trout fry syndrome or peduncle/stalk disease: cause, host

Answer 12

flavobacterium psychrophillum
freshwater (most severe in salmonids)
COLD 4-10°C

Question 13

cold water flavobacteriosis symptoms

Answer 13

flavobacterium psychrophillum
fry: acute and higher mortality (more in winter)
● skin ulcers with deep ulceration in peduncle area
● hemorrhages at the base of fins
● pale gills
● tail and fins fraying
● retarded growth
● skeletal deformities
adults: systemic and chronic

Question 14

rainbow trout fry syndrome symptoms

Answer 14

same as cold water flavobacteriosis/stalk disease but instead of retarded growth or skeletal deformities
● splenomegaly + filamentous bacteria in spleen (pathognomonic)
● melanosis, lethargy and exophtalmus
● ascites
● systemic anaemia
● internal haemorrhages

Question 15

flavobacterium psychrophillum diagnosis

Answer 15

● isolation of skin, spleen, kidney
● microscope examination on spleen smear
● biochemical tests
● agglutination, IF, PCR

Question 16

gill flavobacteriosis or salmonid bacterial gill disease

Answer 16

flavobacteriom branchiophilum
freshwater (most severe in salmonids)
worse in hatchery, overcrowding and wrong feeding

Question 17

flavobacteriom branchiophilum treatment

Answer 17

● H peroxide
● Chloramine-T
● Quaternary ammonia
● ↓density
● ↑inflow
● ↓or stop feeding

Question 18

flavobacteriom branchiophilum sympthoms

Answer 18

same as anoxia

Question 19

columnaris disease cause

Answer 19

flavobacterium columnaris
T 18-22°C
freshwater (super wide host range)
● trouts
● salmon
● carps
● tilapia
● perch
● black bass
● eel

Question 20

columnaris disease symptoms

Answer 20

juveniles: acute death with no symptoms
others:
● fin erosive/ulcerative lesions with eventual fin loss
● infections with saprolegnia
● gill erosions, necrosis and hemorrhages

Question 21

flavobacterium and tenacibrculum maritime diagnosis

Answer 21

● gross pathology
● culture on selective media of organ of interest
● microscopic exam on fresh skin (f.p. f.c., t.m.), and gill (f.b., f.c., t.m.) smears
● Biochemical tests
● agglutination, IF, PCR

Question 22

tenacibaculum maritimum causes and factors

Answer 22

same as flavocaterium but in seawater
T>15°C

Question 23

tenacibaculum maritimum symptoms

Answer 23

epithelial, branchial or systemic (splenomegaly) with high mortality. includes the typical lesions that flavobacteria can cause on the three main parts: skin, gill, spleen (for systemic check)

Question 24

nocardiosis

Answer 24

gram + similar to mycobacteriosis
variety of lesions: focal areas of scale loss and granulomas/ nodular lesions in cutaneous, muscular tissues and internal organs (chronic)

Question 25

enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC) agent, host, period

Answer 25

edwardsiella ictaluri channel catfish only april to June

Question 26

enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC) symptoms:

Answer 26

edwardsiella ictaluri ● ulcer on head→pathognomonic ● petechial hemorrhages ● white to red ulcers in body ● raised-red pimples increasing from between the eyes to whole head ● yellow ascites in abdomen ● pale liver with necrotic foci, may also show abscesses ● pale kidney

Question 27

enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC) pathogenicity, diagnosis and therapy:

Answer 27

edwardsiella ictaluri Pathogenicity ● LPS ● cytotoxic external cellular products (ESC) ● adhesins diagnosis: EIM or general medium (30-35°C 24h) Therapy: antibiotic medicated feed

Question 28

edwadsiellosis agent & host

Answer 28

edwardsiella tarda freshwater and brackish water fish (wide range)

Question 29

edwadsiellosis or hemorrhagic septicemia symptoms

Answer 29

edwardsiella tarda ● small cutaneous lesions able to become gas filled abscesses (H sulfide) ● milky or bloody ascites ● abscesses in internal organs ● pale liver ● petechiae and hemorrhages

Question 30

edwadsiellosis pathogenicity, diagnosis and therapy:

Answer 30

edwardsiella tarda Pathogenicity ● LPS ● siderophores ● adhesins diagnosis: EIM or general medium (30-35°C 24h) Therapy: antibiotic medicated feed

Question 31

saprolegniasis agent

Answer 31

saprolegnia freshwater, cool water, immunosuppressed, already infected or stressed fish in suboptimal husbandry.

Question 32

saprolegniasis signs

Answer 32

● in water: cotton wool-like lesion ● out of water: gelatinous lesion: initially white then brown-ish and red borders ● eggs: cotton wool-like

Question 33

White spot disease: agent in freshwater

Answer 33

ichtiophtirius multifillis

Question 34

White spot disease: agent in seawater

Answer 34

cryptokaryion irritants/multifillis