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IMMUNE 1 LEC > BACTERIAL INFECTIONS > Flashcards

BACTERIAL INFECTIONS Flashcards

(102 cards)

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1
Q

Bacterial Infections

A

• Spirochete diseases: Syphilis, Lyme
• Group A Streptococcus
• Rickettsia Infections
• Herpes virus infections: Infectious
• Typhoid fever
• Brucella
• Mycoplasma pneumoniae
• Helicobacter pylori

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2
Q

Viral Infections

A

• Viral Hepatitis Disease
• HIV
• Dengue
• Herpes virus infections: Infectious Mononucleosis, Epstein Barr Virus, Cytomegalovirus

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3
Q

Autoimmune

A

• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

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4
Q

Causative agent

A

Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum

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5
Q

Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum (originally called (?))

A

Spirochaeta pallida

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6
Q

neither cocci or bacilli, but spirochetes

A

Spirochaeta pallida

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7
Q

Yaws:

A

Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue

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8
Q

Antigen

A

Relter strain (Non virulent variant), Nichols Strain (Virulent variant)

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9
Q

Relter strain (Non virulent variant), Nichols Strain (Virulent variant) Seen in

A

Fluorescent Treponemal Absorption Ab Test

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10
Q

MOT

A
  1. Sexual contact - primary
  2. Blood transfusion
  3. Trans placental route
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11
Q
  • vertical transmission; mother to child
A

Trans placental route

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12
Q

Old names

A

Great pox/ Evil pox, French/Italian/Spanish Disease

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13
Q

(Christopher Columbus and his crew acquired syphilis in US from prostitutes which spread to UK)

A

Great pox

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14
Q

First diagnostic blood test

A

Wassermann test (1906)

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15
Q

• Aka Cardiolipin (not RPR or VDRL)

A

Wassermann test (1906)

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16
Q

Cardiolipin Principle:

A

Complement Fixation

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17
Q

Acts as an antigen or reagent that reacts w/ reagin

A

Cardiolipin

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18
Q

• Identified as phospholipid

A

Cardiolipin

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19
Q

Cardiolipin Derived from

A

1) host 2) beef extract

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20
Q

• Act as hapten

A

Cardiolipin

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21
Q

First Treatment

A

Arsenic, Salvarsan, Arsphenamine/606

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22
Q

(“magic bullet” by Paul Ehrlich)

A

Salvarsan

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23
Q

replaced by PENICILLIN (1940’s) due to Arsenic’s (?) odor

A

“Garlic breath”

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24
Q

Individuals infected with T. pallidum respond immunologically by producing both

A

specific and non specific ab

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25
1. Treponemal Antibodies specific or nonspecific
Treponemal Antibodies
26
• produced against Ag of the organisms.
Treponemal Antibodies
27
Treponemal Antibodies • Specific against:
Outer membrane protein Endoflagellar protein
28
2. Nontreponemal Antibodies specific or nonspecific
nonspecific
29
• aka Reagin Antibodies
Nontreponemal Antibodies
30
- different to IgE formed against syphilis or cardiolipin
Reagin Antibodies
31
• aka Anti-cardiolipin/ anti-lipoidal
Nontreponemal Antibodies
32
• Based on RPR and VDRL
Nontreponemal Antibodies
33
Nontreponemal Antibodies also produced in:
Infectious disease: Leprosy, TB, Malaria, Measles, chicken pox, IM, hepatitis Autoimmune disorder: Rheumatoid disease Pregnancy, old age
34
• Produced by patient with sphilis
Nontreponemal Antibodies
35
false (+) for pregnancy: use
treponemal serologic tests
36
CHANCRE stage
PRIMARY EARLY STAGE
37
Primary inflammatory lesion
CHANCRE
38
-Transient, painless, firm lesion at site of inoculation portal of entry of T. pallidum
CHANCRE
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-superficial ulcer with clean, firm base
CHANCRE
40
-highly contagious
CHANCRE
41
(?) chancre (painless) is present in syphilis
Soft chancre
42
PRIMARY EARLY STAGE - Early: - Post infection: - Persists:
- Early: 10 days - Post infection: 3-4 mos - Persists: 1-6 weeks
43
PRIMARY EARLY STAGE ST
Darkfield microscopy
44
: Corkscrew motility
Darkfield microscopy
45
RPR is more sensitive than (?) and equally sensitive with (?)
VDRL FTA ABS
46
90% become reactive after 3 weeks
Darkfield microscopy
47
best test; specific for testing T. Pallidum
Darkfield microscopy
48
PRIMARY EARLY STAGE ST Alternative:
RPR (more sensitive) or VDRL
49
-Most contagious stage
SECONDARY STAGE
50
-disseminated organisms
SECONDARY STAGE
51
CONDYLOMATA LATA
SECONDARY STAGE
52
LYPHADENOPATHY
SECONDARY STAGE
53
: maculopapular skin rash
CONDYLOMATA LATA
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: inflammation of the lymph nodes
LYPHADENOPATHY
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1-2 mons after appearance of primary lesion
SECONDARY STAGE
56
SECONDARY STAGE ST
All serological test and dark field detect the infection
57
Asymptomatic >4yrs: Non-communicable (except vertical transmission)
LATENT STAGE
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hidden stage (no signs and symptoms)
LATENT STAGE
59
Healing of 2° lesions
LATENT STAGE
60
LATENT STAGE ST
Serological test only
61
Last months to years
LATENT STAGE
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T or F Not all px undergo latent stage; may proceed to tertiary stage w/o treatment
T
63
GUMMATA
(LATE SYPHILLIS) TERTIARY STAGE
64
NEUROSYPHILIS
(LATE SYPHILLIS) TERTIARY STAGE
65
TABES DORSALIS
(LATE SYPHILLIS) TERTIARY STAGE
66
CVS: Aortic Aneurysm
(LATE SYPHILLIS) TERTIARY STAGE
67
: nodular lesion in skin and bones lesion
GUMMATA
68
NEUROSYPHILIS indications:
- general paralysis - TABES DORSALIS
69
(walks sideways)
TABES DORSALIS
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neurosyphilis also seen in
secondary stage (or primary)
71
Within 2 years or 50 years post infection
(LATE SYPHILLIS) TERTIARY STAGE
72
(LATE SYPHILLIS) TERTIARY STAGE ST
Best: All Serological tests
73
1. TPI: Treponema Pallidum Immobilization Test
Treponemal Antibodies
74
(reference method for neurosyphillis)
TPI: Treponema Pallidum Immobilization Test
75
TPI: Treponema Pallidum Immobilization Test stages
secondary and tertiary
76
2. FTA-ABS: Fluorescent Treponemal Ab Absorption test
Treponemal Antibodies
77
2. FTA-ABS: Fluorescent Treponemal Ab Absorption test stages
- secondary, ter, latent
78
3. FADH: Fluorescence Ab Darkfield Technique
Treponemal Antibodies
79
3. FADH: Fluorescence Ab Darkfield Technique stages
- primary and secondary
80
4. HEMAGGLUTINATION TESTS
Treponemal Antibodies
81
4. HEMAGGLUTINATION TESTS stages
- secondary and tertiary
82
TPHA: Treponema Pallidum Hemaglutination
Treponemal Antibodies
83
MHA-P: Microhemagglutination Assay for Treponema pallidum
Treponemal Antibodies
84
VDRL: Venereal Disease Research Laboratory
Nontreponemal Antibodies
85
RPR: Rapid Plasma Reagin
Nontreponemal Antibodies
86
USR: Untreated Serum Reagin Test
Nontreponemal Antibodies
87
TRUST: Toluidine Red Unheated Serum Test
Nontreponemal Antibodies
88
ART: Automated Reagin Test
Nontreponemal Antibodies
89
microscopic
VDRL: Venereal Disease Research Laboratory
90
uses heat/serum inactivation to destroy complement at 56oC for 30 mins
VDRL: Venereal Disease Research Laboratory
91
CSF and serum
VDRL: Venereal Disease Research Laboratory
92
Used to diagnose neurosyphilis
VDRL: Venereal Disease Research Laboratory
93
widely used
RPR: Rapid Plasma Reagin
94
macroscopic (due to charcoal as a visualizing agent)
RPR: Rapid Plasma Reagin
95
Aka Modified VDRL
RPR: Rapid Plasma Reagin
96
No heat inactivation due to Thimerosal
RPR: Rapid Plasma Reagin
97
serum only
RPR: Rapid Plasma Reagin
98
Principle: Uses either live/dead T. pallidum to demonstrate the presence of Ab
Treponemal Antibodies
99
First diagnostic blood test: Wasserman Principle: complement fixation test
Treponemal Antibodies
100
Confirmatory tests
Treponemal Antibodies
101
Principle: Nontreponemal Abs/ Reagin + Colloidal suspension of Lipoids = FLOCCULATION
Nontreponemal Antibodies
102
Screening tests
Nontreponemal Antibodies

IMMUNE 1 LEC (28 decks)

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