Bacterial Morphology Flashcards
(89 cards)
1
Q
Are prokaryotic, have simpler structures compared to eukaryotic organisms
A
Bacteria
2
Q
Bacteria are classified into three basic shapes namely:
A
(1) Coccus (pl. cocci)
(2) Bacillus (pl. bacilli)
(3) Spiral-shaped or curved
3
Q
Can be described as spherical or round-shaped organisms
A
Cocci
4
Q
Spherical or rounded shaped bacteria that is single-celled
A
Coccus
5
Q
Spherical or rounded shaped bacteria that occur in pairs
A
Diplococci
6
Q
Spherical or rounded shaped bacteria that are group of four cocci
A
Tetrad
7
Q
Spherical or rounded shaped bacteria that is cube-like shape
A
Sarcina
8
Q
Spherical or rounded shaped bacteria that is chain-like morphology
A
Streptococci
9
Q
Spherical or rounded shaped bacteria that is grape-like cluster
A
Staphylococci
10
Q
What are rod-shaped organisms called?
A
Bacilli
11
Q
Partly round and rod-shaped bacteria, resembling elongated cocci
A
Coccobacilli
12
Q
Vibrio cholerae is described as what shape?
A
Comma-shaped
13
Q
Treponema pallidum is described as what shape?
A
Spiral-shaped
14
Q
Corynebacterium diphtheriae is described as what shape?
A
Club-shaped
15
Q
Vibrio cholerae causes what disease?
A
Cholera
16
Q
Treponema pallidum causes what disease?
A
Syphilis
17
Q
Fusobacterium is described as what shape?
A
Enlarged rod
18
Q
Bdellovibrio is described in what form?
A
Comma form
19
Q
Helicobacter pylori is described in what form?
A
Helical form
20
Q
Borella burgdorferi is described in what form?
A
Corkscrew form
21
Q
What bacteria causes cholera?
A
Vibrio cholerae
22
Q
What bacteria causes syphilis?
A
Treponema pallidum
23
Q
What bacteria causes strep throat?
A
Streptococcus pyogenes
24
Q
What bacteria causes pneumonia?
A
Streptococcus pneumoniae
25
What bacteria causes armpits to stink?
Micrococcus luteus
26
What bacteria causes sinus infections and food poisoning?
Staphylococcus aureus
27
What bacteria causes anthrax?
Bacillus anthracis
28
What bacteria causes typhoid?
Salmonella enterica
29
What bacteria causes botulism?
Clostridium botulinum
30
What bacteria causes stomach ulcers?
Helicobacter pylori
31
Streptococcus pyogenes causes what?
Strep throat
32
Streptococcus pneumonia causes what disease?
Pneumonia
33
Micrococcus luteus causes what?
Armpits to stink
34
Staphylococcus areus causes what?
Sinus infections and food poisoning
35
Bacillus anthracis causes what disease?
Anthrax
36
Salmonella enterica causes what disease?
Typhoid
37
Clostridium botulinum causes what disease?
Botulism
38
Helicobacter pylori causes what?
Stomach ulcers
39
The outermost covering of some bacteria. It is a gelatinous substance that is located external to the cell wall, composed of polysaccharide or polypeptide, or both
Glycocalyx
40
What are the two types of glycocalyx?
(1) Capsule
(2) Slime layer
41
A type of glycocalyx that is strongly attached to the cell wall
Capsule
42
A type of glycocalyx that is loosely attached to the cell wall
Slime layer
43
Bacterial cell wall is sometimes called what?
Murein sacculus
44
Cell wall's principal component is peptidoglycan, which is also called what?
Murein or mucopeptide
45
Provides rigid support and gives shape to the bacteria
Cell wall
46
It protects the bacteria from osmotic damage and plays an important role in cell division
Cell wall
47
Cell wall is multi-layered in what type of bacteria?
Gram-positive bacteria
48
Cell wall is single-layered in what type of bacteria?
Gram-negative bacteria
49
Comprise major antigens of gram-positive organisms and can elicit antibody response
Teichoic acids
50
In some gram-positive bacteria, it function for the attachment of the organism to the host cell
Teichoic acids
51
It provide tensile strength to gram-positive bacterial cell walls
Teichoic acids
52
Molecules that include neutral and acidic sugars
Polysaccharides
53
A bi-layered structure where the inner leaflet is composed of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Outer membrane
54
Has a special protein channels that allow the passage of small or low-molecular-weight hydrophilic substances such as sugars and amino acids
Outer membrane
55
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has a complex glycolipid called ____, responsible for its own endotoxin activity
Lipid A
56
Functions to anchor the outer membrane to the peptidoglycan layer and stabilzes the outer membrane
Lipoprotein
57
A fluid-filled space between the outer membrane and the inner plasma membrane
Periplasmic space
58
It contains enzymes for the breakdown of large non-transportable molecules into transportable ones and enzymes that serve to detoxify and inactivate antibiotics
Periplasmic space
59
The cell wall of acid-fast organisms is composed of large amounts of waxes that are known as what?
Mycolic acids
60
Are thread-like structures made up of entirely of molecules of the protein sub-unit flagellin
Flagella
61
They project from the capsule and are organs for motility
Flagella
62
Bacteria without flagella are called what?
Atrichous
63
Bacteria with single polar flagellum are called what?
Monotrichous
64
Bacteria with a tuft of flagella at one end are called what?
Lophotrichous
65
Bacteria with flagella at both ends are called what?
Amphitrichous
66
Bacteria with flagella all around is called what?
Peritrichous
67
These are rigid surface appendages found on many gram-negative bacteria
Pili/Fimbriae
68
They also function for motility; are fine and short in comparison with flagella
Pili/Fimbriae
69
Pili or fimbriae has a structural protein sub-units called what?
Pilins
70
They function for adherence to cell surface or attachment to another bacterium during a form of bacterial gene exchange
Pili/Fimbriae
71
Also called endoflagella and are found in spirochetes
Axial filaments
72
These are composed of bundles of fibrils, the structures of which are similar to flagella
Axial filaments
73
They arise from the ends of the bacterial cell and spiral around the cell
Axial filaments
74
Located beneath the cell wall
Cytoplasmic/Plasma membrane
75
It is sometimes called the cell sac because it encloses the cytoplasm of the cell
Cytoplasmic/Plasma membrane
76
Its main function is a selective permeability barrier that regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell
Cytoplasmic/Plasma membrane
77
It performs many functions, including transport, biosynthesis, and energy transduction
Cytoplasmic/Plasma membrane
78
Genetic materials of a bacteria is packaged in a structure called what?
Nucleoid
79
Characteristics of bacterial DNA:
single
circular
double-stranded
80
Are folded ivaginations in the plasma membrane of bacteria that are produced by the chemical fixation techniques used to prepare samples for electron microscopy
Mesosomes or chondrioids
81
Function for protein synthesis
Ribosomes
82
Serve as a storage for food and energy for bacteria
Granules or inclusion
83
Are structures produced by many bacteria when they are placed in a hostile environment
Endospores
84
Endospores are composed of _____ which confers resistance to heat, drying, chemical agents and radiation, making it diffiult to destroy
Dipicolinic acid
85
The process of spore production is called ____, and this occurs when the environmental conditions are detrimental to the bacteria
Sporulation
86
When environmental conditions become favorable, the endospores revert to their vegetative state through a process called what?
Germination
87
True or False
Some gram-negative, but never gram-positive bacteria form spores
False
88
True or False
Some gram-positive, but never gram-negative bacteria form spores
True
89
True or False
Both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria form spores
False
